Indoor Navigation Assistant for Visually Impaired by Pedestrian Dead Reckoning and Position Estimative of Correction for Patterns Recognition

A Systematic Review of Wearable Devices for Orientation and Mobility of Adults With Visual Impairment and Blindness

“…Examples include Bai et al [27] and Mocanu et al [54] that added an ultrasonic sensor to compensate for the limitations of the camera (transparent objects, larger obstructions like walls or doors). The combination of ultrasonic sensors and computer-based technologies reported positive evaluations, including high accuracy in obstacles detection [64], decrease in navigation time [32], [65], reduction of collisions [34], [48], and detection of complex obstacles such as stairs [64], and moving obstacles [54].…”

“…Evaluation including visually impaired participants was featured in 37 studies (60.66%), either as the only sample (n = 26), or in combination with sighted blindfolded participants (n = 7), with a control group for the same experiments (n = 2), or with sighted participants for different experiments (n = 2). Seven publications did not provide details about the sample [25], [27], [35], [45], [65], [66], [77].…”

“…Training sessions prior to experiment tests were provided in 28 out of 61 studies, whereas two only mentioned giving a brief explanation about the device usage [34], [65]. The training time varied from a minimum of 2 to 3 minutes in Hicks et al [38] up to 30 hours divided into four sessions in Bhatlawande et al [12].…”

“…User safety evaluation was reported in five studies using interview [54], survey [65], [76], [79], and the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) [46]. However, only two studies have provided information about safety from the users perspective [46], [54].…”

“…Simões and de Lucena [65] conducted a survey with five users that tested ranked the system's reliability as excellent (55%), very good (20%), good (10%), and satisfactory (15%). In Yang et al [76], six visually impaired people scored the prototype's reliability 7.33 (on a 10-point scale) in a maturity analysis based on Dakopoulos and Bourbakis study [8].…”