Indoor confinement and physical inactivity rather than the proportion of dry food are risk factors in the development of feline type 2 diabetes mellitus

Slingerland, L.I.; Fazilova, V.V.; Plantinga, E.A.; Kooistra, Hans S.; Beynen, A.C.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.08.035

Cited by 101 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is likely that these factors predispose cats to obesity through a reduction in energy expenditure due to reduced physical activity. Indoor cats have less opportunity to expend energy through physical activities such as interaction with animals outside the household, exploration and roaming (Scarlett et al 1994;Slingerland et al 2009;Levine et al 2016). Cats in single or two cat households are also likely to spend less energy engaging in activities such as playing and fighting with other cats, compared to those housed with multiple other cats (Robertson 1999;Slingerland et al 2009;Levine et al 2016).…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review

Tarkosova¹,

Story²,

Rand³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:Obesity is recognised as the most common multifactorial nutritional disorder of pet cats. Studies from several countries have indicated that between 11.5% and 63% of cats are overweight or obese. Breed, age, sex, reproductive status, the pet-owner relationship, owners' perceptions of their cats' body condition, type of diet, frequency of feeding, and environment have all been identified as potential risk factors for the development of obesity in cats. Obesity has significant implications for feline health and welfare as it has mechanical and metabolic effects and can predispose cats to conditions such as diabetes mellitus type 2, hepatic lipidosis, lameness, oral cavity disease, urinary tract disease, dermatological disease, and neoplasia. An important aspect of preventing and managing obesity is the evaluation of body condition to determine ideal body weight and to formulate an appropriate weight loss plan. Several methods have been developed for this purpose. This review uses recent scientific literature to discuss various aspects of feline obesity, including its prevalence, proposed risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions, and methods of assessment.Keywords: overweight; obese; body condition; cat List of abbreviations BCS = body condition score, CT = computed tomography, DEXA = dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, MMS = muscle mass scoring, QMR = quantitative magnetic resonance

show abstract

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review

Tarkosova¹,

Story²,

Rand³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Others include sex (males higher risk than females), physical inactivity and indoor confinement, increasing age, and the administration of glucocorticoids and progestins (Panciera et al 1990, McCann et al 2007, Prahl et al 2007, Slingerland et al 2009. It has been shown that obese cats are 3.9 times more likely to develop diabetes mellitus compared with cats with an optimal body weight (Scarlett & Donoghue 1998).…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANIMAL MODELS OF DISEASE: Classification and etiology of diabetes in dogs and cats

Nelson

Reusch

2014

Journal of Endocrinology

146

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease in dogs and cats. The most common form of diabetes in dogs resembles type 1 diabetes in humans. Studies suggest that genetics, an immune-mediated component, and environmental factors are involved in the development of diabetes in dogs. A variant of gestational diabetes also occurs in dogs. The most common form of diabetes in cats resembles type 2 diabetes in humans. A major risk factor in cats is obesity. Obese cats have altered expression of several insulin signaling genes and glucose transporters and are leptin resistant. Cats also form amyloid deposits within the islets of the pancreas and develop glucotoxicity when exposed to prolonged hyperglycemia. This review will briefly summarize our current knowledge about the etiology of diabetes in dogs and cats and illustrate the similarities among dogs, cats, and humans.

show abstract

“…Studies of household cats indicate that thwarted access to outdoors can exacerbate elimination problems, psychogenic dermatitis (skin irritation due to over grooming), pica (eating non edible things) (Amat et al, 2009), inter-cat aggression (Leyhausen, 1979), redirected and irritable aggression towards people and other pets (Beaver, 2004). Confinement has also been proposed as a risk factor for health issues such as cystitis (Cooper et al, 1983;Jones et al, 1997;Buffington, 2002;Saevik et al, 2011), type 2 diabetes mellitus (Slingerland et al, 2009) and inflammatory bowel disease (Zoran and Buffington, 2011). Although sparse, there is evidence of frustration-related behaviors in shelter cats, expressed as pacing, destructive behavior, persistent vocalization, bar biting and redirected aggression (McCune, 1992;Kessler and Turner, 1997;Gourkow et al, 2014c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cognitive enrichment on behavior, mucosal immunity and upper respiratory disease of shelter cats rated as frustrated on arrival

Gourkow

Phillips

2016

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Please cite this article as: Gourkow, Nadine, Phillips, Clive J.C., Effect of cognitive enrichment on behavior, mucosal immunity and upper respiratory disease of shelter cats rated as frustrated on arrival.Preventive Veterinary Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.prevetmed.2016.07.012 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Highlights  Regular cognitive enrichment of frustrated cats -a human teaching them a taskimproved their welfare  Treated cats were more content than cats not taught the task  Treated cats had increased concentrations of immunoglobulin A in their feces  Cats that responded well to the treatment had the biggest increase in concentrations of immunoglobulin A in their feces  Treated cats had less respiratory disease 2 ABSTRACT Acquisition of resources and opportunity to engage in natural behaviors has been shown to reduce frustration-related behaviors and enhance health in nondomestic felids kept in zoos, but little is known about whether there are similar effects in domestic cats living in confinement in animal shelters. Fifteen cats rated as Frustrated during the first hour of confinement to a cage at an animal shelter were assigned to either a Treatment (n=7) or Control (n=8) group. Treatment cats were taken from their cages to a separate room four times daily for 10 min each time over a 10 d period, where they took part in training sessions to learn a novel behavior (paw-hand contact with a researcher). Changes in emotional states and mucosal immune response were evaluated over 10 days. Infectious status was determined upon admission and incidence of upper respiratory was determined up to day 40 based on clinical signs. Treated cats were more likely to be rated as Content than Control cats and had greater concentrations of S-IgA (537 µg/g) in feces than Control cats (101 µg/g). Within the Treatment group, cats that responded positively had greater concentrations of S-IgA (925 µg/g) than those that responded negatively (399 µg/g).Control cats were more likely to develop respiratory disease over time compared to cats that received treatment (Hazard Ratio: 2.37, Confidence Interval: 1.35-4.15). It is concluded that there is prima facie evidence that cognitive enrichment of cats exhibiting frustration-related behaviors can elicit positive affect (contentment), stimulate secretion of IgA and reduce incidence of respiratory disease, which is worthy of further study.

show abstract

Indoor confinement and physical inactivity rather than the proportion of dry food are risk factors in the development of feline type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 101 publications

References 22 publications

Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review

Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review

ANIMAL MODELS OF DISEASE: Classification and etiology of diabetes in dogs and cats

Effect of cognitive enrichment on behavior, mucosal immunity and upper respiratory disease of shelter cats rated as frustrated on arrival

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About