Indoor air quality in two French hospitals: Measurement of chemical and microbiological contaminants

Baurès, Estelle; Blanchard, Olivier; Mercier, Fabien; Surget, E.; Cann, Pierre Le; Rivier, Alexandre; Gangneux, Jean‐Pierre; Florentin, Arnaud

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.047

Cited by 86 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Monitoring and controlling microbiological contaminants, including respiratory viruses in hospitals’ indoor air, have become an integral part of infection prevention strategies in hospitals [ 1 , 2 ]. In recent years, the debate and concerns regarding the potential of airborne transmission of respiratory viruses have intensified with the emergence of the avian influenza virus, SARS-CoV1, and MERS-CoV [ [3] , [4] , [5] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of influenza virus in air samples of patient rooms

Chamseddine

Soudani

Kanafani

et al. 2021

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Background Understanding the transmission and dispersal of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) via aerosols is essential for the development of preventative measures in hospital environments and healthcare facilities. Methods During the 2017-2018 influenza season, patients with confirmed influenza or RSV infections were enrolled. Room air samples were collected close to (0.30 m) and far (2.20 m) from the patient’s head. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect and quantify viral particles in the air samples. Plaque assay was used to determine the infectiousness of the detected viruses. Findings Fifty-one air samples were collected from the rooms of 29 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza; 51% of the samples tested positive for influenza A virus (IAV). Among IAV-positive patients, 65% were emitters (have at least one positive air sample) reflecting a higher risk of nosocomial transmission compared to non-emitters. The majority (61.5%) of the IAV-positive air samples were collected at 0.3 m distance from the patients’ head, while the remaining were collected at 2.2 m. The positivity rate of IAV in air samplers was influenced by the distance from the patient’s head and the day of collection post-hospital admission. Only three patients with RSV infection were recruited and none were emitters. Conclusion This study demonstrates that influenza can be aerosolized beyond one meter in patient rooms, a distance considered to be safe by infection control practices. Further investigations are needed to determine the extent of infectivity of the aerosolized virus particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of influenza virus in air samples of patient rooms

Chamseddine

Soudani

Kanafani

et al. 2021

Journal of Hospital Infection

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“…Meanwhile, researchers detected high levels of FIGURE 1 | The removal of DMP, DEP, and DBP in different degradation systems (A: PAEs in the UV system; B: PAEs in the UV/TiO 2 system; C: PAEs in the UV-Vis/Bi 2 WO 6 system; D: DMP in the three systems; E: DEP in the three systems; F: DBP in the three systems). Baures et al, 2018). PAEs are ubiquitous in various environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation Pathways of Typical Phthalic Acid Esters Under UV, UV/TiO2, and UV-Vis/Bi2WO6 Systems

Wang

Zeng

et al. 2019

Front. Chem.

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Photolysis and photocatalysis of typical phthalic acid esters (dimethyl phthalate, DMP; diethyl phthalate, DEP; dibutyl phthalate, DBP) were carried out in UV, UV/TiO 2 , and UV-Vis/Bi 2 WO 6 systems. All of the selected phthalic acid esters and their decomposition byproducts were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis through HPLC and GC-MS. The results of 300 min of photolysis and photodegradation reaction were that each system demonstrated different abilities to remove DMP, DEP, and DBP. The UV/TiO 2 system showed the strongest degradation ability on selected PAEs, with removal efficiencies of up to 93.03, 92.64, and 92.50% for DMP, DEP, and DBP in 90 min, respectively. UV-Vis/Bi 2 WO 6 had almost no ability to remove DMP and DEP. However, all of the systems had strong ability to degrade DBP. On the other hand, the different systems resulted in various byproducts and PAE degradation pathways. The UV system mainly attacked the carbon branch and produced o-hydroxybenzoates. No ring-opening byproducts were detected in the UV system. In the photocatalytic process, the hydroxyl radicals produced not only attacked the carbon branch but also the benzene ring. Therefore, hydroxylated compounds and ring-opening byproducts were detected by GC-MS in both the UV/TiO 2 and UV-Vis/Bi 2 WO 6 photocatalytic systems. However, there were fewer products due to direct hole oxidation in the UV-Vis/Bi 2 WO 6 system compared with the UV/TiO 2 system, which mainly reacted with the pollutants via hydroxyl radicals.

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“…Fransson, et al informed CO 2 , temperature and relative humidity values in an orthopedic ward in Sweden comparable to those measured in the P/PSR and RR sampling sites [18]. On the other hand, Baurès et al who analyzed environmental variables in two French hospitals, reported similar temperature values and low humidity and CO 2 concentration than the values measured at the L, P/PSR, and RR sampling sites [8]. These differences may be attributable to building characteristics, the presence of air-conditioned and specific activities performed at each service.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…However, these studies have mainly centered on intensive care units and operating theatres or studied specific microbial loads [6,7]. Few of them investigated biological and non-biological pollutants at the same time, their distributions at different working spaces or analyzed the variables that contribute to their spread [3,8]. Furthermore, novel methodologies of air monitoring are quite expensive, which represents a disadvantage for developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QuEChER method for air microbiological monitoring in hospital environments

Busso

Herrera

Tames

et al. 2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Nosocomial pathogens have become a priority issue for public health, since they are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and the development of multi-resistant microorganisms, as well. Recent studies found strong evidence that airborne transmission plays a key role in many nosocomial infections. Thus, we aim to develop a QuEChER methodology for the characterization of airborne microbial levels, analyzing potential variables that modify the air microbiological load. Methodology: Particulate matter levels and suspended and settled bioaerosols were determined simultaneously employing optical sensors, Harvard impactors and settle plates, respectively. Environmental variables were also measured at different sites during different working shifts and seasons. Results: We found a straightforward relationship between airborne particles, air exchange rates, and people influx. Levels of suspended microorganisms were related to fine particulate matter concentration, CO2 and ambient temperature. A positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.9356) was also found between fine particulate matter and CO2 levels and air microbial load. Conclusion: The QuEChER methodology is an effective methodology that could be used to improve the surveillance of nosocomial pathogens in developing countries hospitals where air quality is scarcely controlled.

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Indoor air quality in two French hospitals: Measurement of chemical and microbiological contaminants

Cited by 86 publications

References 37 publications

Detection of influenza virus in air samples of patient rooms

Detection of influenza virus in air samples of patient rooms

Photodegradation Pathways of Typical Phthalic Acid Esters Under UV, UV/TiO2, and UV-Vis/Bi2WO6 Systems

QuEChER method for air microbiological monitoring in hospital environments

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