Indoor Air Quality in Naturally Ventilated Italian Classrooms

Fuoco, Fernanda Carmen; Stabile, Luca; Buonanno, Giorgio; Trassiera, Concepcion Vargas; Massimo, Angelamaria; Russi, Aldo Giovanni Giuliano; Mazaheri, Mandana; Morawska, Lidia; Andrade, Alexandro

doi:10.3390/atmos6111652

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In life environments a significant role is played by smoking and cooking, followed by heating systems, cleaning, and resuspension due to the presence of humans [10,[27][28][29][30]. Combustion processes and cleaning contribute significantly to fine, ultrafine, and nanoparticles emissions, while coarse fractions of PM are principally evidenced due to resuspension [22,24,27,31,32]. In working environments, PM size distribution, concentrations, and chemical properties are even more site-specific than in residential ones as these depend on the used materials, productive methods, and working typologies.…”

Section: Brief Summary Of the Main Characteristics Of Pm In Indoor Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Indoor-Outdoor Particulate Matter Air Pollution: A Review

Salizzoni

Clerico

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

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Abstract:Background: Air pollution is a major global environmental risk factor. Since people spend most of their time indoors, the sole measure of outdoor concentrations is not sufficient to assess total exposure to air pollution. Therefore, the arising interest by the international community to indoor-outdoor relationships has led to the development of various techniques for the study of emission and exchange parameters among ambient and non-ambient pollutants. However, a standardised method is still lacking due to the complex release and dispersion of pollutants and the site conditions among studies. Methods: This review attempts to fill this gap to some extent by focusing on the analysis of the variety of site-specific approaches for the assessment of particulate matter in work and life environments. Results: First, the main analogies and differences between indoor and outdoor particles emerging from several studies are briefly described. Commonly-used indicators, sampling methods, and other approaches are compared. Second, recommendations for further studies based on recent results in order to improve the assessment and management of those issues are provided. Conclusions: This review is a step towards a comprehensive understanding of indoor and outdoor exposures which may stimulate the development of innovative tools for further epidemiological and multidisciplinary research.

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Section: Brief Summary Of the Main Characteristics Of Pm In Indoor Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Indoor-Outdoor Particulate Matter Air Pollution: A Review

Salizzoni

Clerico

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

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“…The lung deposited particle surface area concentrations at the mainstream, regardless of the deposition in the lung tract, are extremely higher than particle concentration levels which people are exposed to in typical indoor, outdoor, and occupational environments [49,56,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72], thereby resulting in extremely high doses received by smokers as hereinafter reported.…”

Section: Alveolar and Tracheobronchial Deposited Particle Surface Arementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Moreover, data from this paper could be affected by the seasonal period in which the experimental campaign was carried out (i.e., during spring). In fact, during summer time, particle exposure levels are lower than those that occur during winter time due to higher ventilation conditions [67,71].…”

Section: Alveolar and Tracheobronchial Particle Dose In The Shs And Bmentioning

confidence: 96%

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

et al. 2017

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Cigarette smoke is the main cause of lung cancer events. Mainstream cigarette smoke (MSS) is a direct concern for smokers, but also the secondhand smoke (SHS) contributes to the smoker exposure. In addition, smoker exposure is affected by the "free-smoke" particle exposure (B), related to the micro-environments where smokers spend time. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the daily alveolar and tracheobronchial deposited fractions of airborne particles for smokers as the sum of these three contributions: MSS, SHS, and B. Measurements of particle surface area distributions in the MSS were performed through a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, and a Thermo-dilution system on five types of conventional cigarettes. A Monte Carlo method was then applied to evaluate the most probable value of dose received during the inhalation of MSS by smokers. Measurements of particle concentrations in SHS and at the "free-smoke" particle background (B) were performed through 24-h monitoring at a personal scale of adult smoker through hand-held devices. This paper found that the total daily deposited dose for typical smokers was 1.03 × 10 5 mm 2 ·day −1 . The main contribution of such a huge daily dose was addressable to the MSS (98%) while SHS contributed 1.1%, increasing up to 2% for people smoking only while traveling in a car.

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“…This study has the potential to provide lessons for and learn from other countries-particularly those well-documented radon patterns. For instance, both [24,25] studies were carried out in two of the 34 countries listed by [11] as having thorough radon data mappings and they both highlight how radon exposure can be reduced through mitigation measures. Thus, given the measurement variations uncovered in our study, it is extremely important that research findings are widely shared-that is, ensuring that data, findings and modelling approaches are archived and shared among researchers and that there is continuity to such studies.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Estimate of Radon Concentration from Passive and Active Detectors in Doha

Mwitondi

Sadig

Hassona

et al. 2018

Data

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Abstract:Harnessing knowledge on the physical and natural conditions that affect our health, general livelihood and sustainability has long been at the core of scientific research. Health risks of ionising radiation from exposure to radon and radon decay products in homes, work and other public places entail developing novel approaches to modelling occurrence of the gas and its decaying products, in order to cope with the physical and natural dynamics in human habitats. Various data modelling approaches and techniques have been developed and applied to identify potential relationships among individual local meteorological parameters with a potential impact on radon concentrations-i.e., temperature, barometric pressure and relative humidity. In this first research work on radon concentrations in the State of Qatar, we present a combination of exploratory, visualisation and algorithmic estimation methods to try and understand the radon variations in and around the city of Doha. Data were obtained from the Central Radiation Laboratories (CRL) in Doha, gathered from 36 passive radon detectors deployed in various schools, residential and work places in and around Doha as well as from one active radon detector located at the CRL. Our key findings show high variations mainly attributable to technical variations in data gathering, as the equipment and devices appear to heavily influence the levels of radon detected. A parameter maximisation method applied to simulate data with similar behaviour to the data from the passive detectors in four of the neighbourhoods appears appropriate for estimating parameters in cases of data limitation. Data from the active detector exhibit interesting seasonal variations-with data clustering exhibiting two clearly separable groups, with passive and active detectors exhibiting a huge disagreement in readings. These patterns highlight challenges related to detection methods-in particular ensuring that deployed detectors and calculations of radon concentrations are adapted to local conditions. The study doesn't dwell much on building materials and makes rather fundamental assumptions, including an equal exhalation rate of radon from the soil across neighbourhoods, based on Doha's homogeneous underlying geological formation. The study also highlights potential extensions into the broader category of pollutants such as hydrocarbon, air particulate carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide at specific time periods of the year and particularly how they may tie in with global health institutions' requirements.

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Indoor Air Quality in Naturally Ventilated Italian Classrooms

Cited by 49 publications

References 75 publications

Assessment of Indoor-Outdoor Particulate Matter Air Pollution: A Review

Assessment of Indoor-Outdoor Particulate Matter Air Pollution: A Review

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

Statistical Estimate of Radon Concentration from Passive and Active Detectors in Doha

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