Indoor air quality due to secondhand smoke: Signals from selected hospitality locations in rural and urban areas of Bangalore and Dharwad districts in Karnataka, India

Travers, Mark J.; Nayak, Nayanatara S.; Annigeri, Vinod B.; Billava, Narayana

doi:10.4103/0019-509x.178447

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In some LMICs, there is a lack of motivation to enforce smoke-free policies at the ground level 24,25,66,82,99-101 . Enforcement of smoke-free policies typically involves both enforcement officers and venue managers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enforcement officers may not feel they have time or may think that public smoking is not a problem that warrants their attention. Some enforcement officers have said they have more important crimes to address 101 . Others may lack the will to enforce a policy because of lack of confidence that the government will back them if they are challenged 25 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing smoke-free policies in low- and middle-income countries: A brief review and research agenda

Byron¹,

Cohen²,

Frattaroli³

et al. 2019

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTIONSome low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) struggle to implement smoke-free policies. We sought to review the academic and gray literature, and propose a research agenda to improve implementation of smoke-free policies and make them more effective in LMICs.METHODSWe reviewed 10 databases for variations of (‘implementation’ /‘enforcement’ /‘compliance’) and (‘smoke-free’ /‘ban’ /‘restriction’) and (‘tobacco’ /‘smoking’). We also reviewed cited sources and the gray literature including non-governmental organization reports.We included articles that described problems that arose, attempted solutions, lessons learned, and research questions posed regarding smoke-free policy implementation in LMICs. We excluded studies of high-income countries, institution-level implementation, voluntary smoke-free policies, smoke-free homes, and outdoor smoke-free policies.RESULTSThe academic literature review led to 4931 unique articles, reduced to 1541 after title screening, 331 after abstract screening, and 101 after full-text review. The citation and gray literature review led to an additional 179 publications of which 67 met the inclusion criteria. In total we retained 168 sources. We conducted a narrative review and synthesis of the literature, extracting key themes and noting research gaps.CONCLUSIONSWe find that progress is urgently needed in five categories: identifying the critical lessons learned for effective implementation, evaluating different enforcement approaches, learning how to rejuvenate stalled smoke-free policies, learning how to increase ground-level will to enforce policies, and developing a conceptual framework that explains implementation. Investigation into these topics can improve implementation of smoke-free policies in LMICs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing smoke-free policies in low- and middle-income countries: A brief review and research agenda

Byron¹,

Cohen²,

Frattaroli³

et al. 2019

Tob. Induc. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[ 19 ] The reasons were socio-cultural issues,[ 20 ] limited awareness of the enforcing agencies about provisions of the act,[ 21 ] low competence of the public to keep a vigil on violations of the section,[ 21 - 23 ] and failure to sustain rural parts of the state smoke-free. [ 22 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, lower compliance (58.95%) to Section 5 [ Table 3 ] was reported to be due to (1) tobacco industry exploits at the PoS by promoting and advertising its products through attractive displays in the form of dangles, boards,[ 31 , 32 ] posters,[ 33 ] brand colors[ 34 ] and the unit cost of the tobacco products[ 35 ] and/or (2) weaker enforcement unable to eliminate existing ambiguity in board size, number, area of placement. [ 22 , 32 , 36 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance of Sections 4–7 of Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 in India—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Shetiya¹,

Deshmukh²,

Gupta³

2023

Indian Journal of Community Medicine

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In view of the vast variability of the compliance of Sections 4-7 of COTPA in India, a need for a collective evaluation appeared appropriate and timely. The aim of this review was to specifically analyze the country wide compliance of Section 4,5,6a and 6b,7 of COTPA along with the displays of signage on No Smoking (NoSmok) and Tobacco Free Institution (TFI). Studies published between 2003-December 2020 reporting compliance/non compliance (C/NC) were reviewed. Eligible study designs were observational studies and brief reports. To obtain the effect measure, Med Calc version 20 was used. 60 full text articles were assessed for eligibility and included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The compliance for the Sections 4,5, 6b and 7 was 71.97% (95%CI:61.87-81.05, I2 =99.70%), 58.95% (95%CI:44.90-72.28, I2=99.53%), 51.08% (95% CI:39.30-62.81, I2=99.46%), 57.60% (95%CI:37.58-76.40, I2=99.48%) respectively whereas for the NoSmok and TFI board display it was 42.30% (95%CI:32.53-52.39, I2=99.75%) and 26.81% (95%CI:9.94-48.25, I2=99.51) respectively. Compliance of the Section 6a, sale of tobacco products to and by the minors was 66.39% (CI:49.50-81.36, I2=99.69%) and 94.11% (95%CI:78.54-99.99, I2=99.76%) respectively. This study observed a significant variability in compliance of Sections 4-7 of COTPA. It points to a critical need for a robust, self – sustained and effective enforcement mechanism countrywide to eliminate potential for any NC. Amendments to the COTPA appear critical for a policy reform and an optimal implementation.

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Status of indoor air pollution (IAP) through particulate matter (PM) emissions and associated health concerns in South Asia

et al. 2018

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Indoor air quality due to secondhand smoke: Signals from selected hospitality locations in rural and urban areas of Bangalore and Dharwad districts in Karnataka, India

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Implementing smoke-free policies in low- and middle-income countries: A brief review and research agenda

Implementing smoke-free policies in low- and middle-income countries: A brief review and research agenda

Compliance of Sections 4–7 of Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 in India—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Status of indoor air pollution (IAP) through particulate matter (PM) emissions and associated health concerns in South Asia

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