Indoor air pollution from solid fuels and risk of hypopharyngeal/laryngeal and lung cancers: a multicentric case-control study from India

Sapkota, Amir; Gajalakshmi, Vendhan; Jetly, Dhaval; Roychowdhury, Soma; Dikshit, Rajesh; Brennan, Paul; Hashibe, Mia; Boffetta, Paolo

doi:10.1093/ije/dym261

Cited by 107 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Bassani et al (2010) report that solid-fuel use in India (mostly biomass or dung) is associated with increased mortality in children aged 1-4 years, accounting for 20% of childhood deaths in this age group. Coal use was highly associated with lung cancer among all users and never-smokers, while wood use was associated with hypopharyngeal cancer among all individuals, but not among never-smokers, in a study of indoor solid fuel use in India (Sapkota et al, 2008). A study of Indian women who used biomass for cooking examined various endpoints associated with CVD, with controls being women who cooked with LPG (Dutta et al, 2010).…”

Section: Overview Of Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

Grahame

Klemm

Schlesinger

2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

238

157

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In 2012, the WHO classified diesel emissions as carcinogenic, and its European branch suggested creating a public health standard for airborne black carbon (BC). In 2011, EU researchers found that life expectancy could be extended four to nine times by reducing a unit of BC, vs reducing a unit of PM 2.5. Only recently could such determinations be made. Steady improvements in research methodologies now enable such judgments.In this Critical Review, we survey epidemiological and toxicological literature regarding carbonaceous combustion emissions, as research methodologies improved over time. Initially, we focus on studies of BC, diesel, and traffic emissions in the Western countries (where daily urban BC emissions are mainly from diesels). We examine effects of other carbonaceous emissions, e.g., residential burning of biomass and coal without controls, mainly in developing countries.Throughout the 1990s, air pollution epidemiology studies rarely included species not routinely monitored. As additional PM 2.5. chemical species, including carbonaceous species, became more widely available after 1999, they were gradually included in epidemiological studies. Pollutant species concentrations which more accurately reflected subject exposure also improved models.Natural "interventions" -reductions in emissions concurrent with fuel changes or increased combustion efficiency; introduction of ventilation in highway tunnels; implementation of electronic toll payment systems -demonstrated health benefits of reducing specific carbon emissions. Toxicology studies provided plausible biological mechanisms by which different PM species, e.g., carbonaceous species, may cause harm, aiding interpretation of epidemiological studies.Our review finds that BC from various sources appears to be causally involved in all-cause, lung cancer, and cardiovascular mortality, morbidity, and perhaps adverse birth and nervous system effects. We recommend that the U.S. EPA rubric for judging possible causality of PM 2.5. mass concentrations, be used to assess which PM 2.5. species are most harmful to public health. Implications: Black carbon (BC) and correlated co-emissions appear causally related with all-cause, cardiovascular, and lung cancer mortality, and perhaps with adverse birth outcomes and central nervous system effects. Such findings are recent, since widespread monitoring for BC is also recent. Helpful epidemiological advances (using many health relevant PM 2.5 species in models; using better measurements of subject exposure) have also occurred. "Natural intervention" studies also demonstrate harm from partly combusted carbonaceous emissions. Toxicology studies consistently find biological mechanisms explaining how such emissions can cause these adverse outcomes. A consistent mechanism for judging causality for different PM 2.5 species is suggested.A list of acronyms will be found at the end of the article. Aims of Critical ReviewThis critical review (CR) consists of three main sections. First, we review recent major regulatory and scien...

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Section: Overview Of Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

Grahame

Klemm

Schlesinger

2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

238

157

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“…Women exposed to indoor biomass smoke have an increased risk of cervical cancer/neoplasia or precancerous lesions (Velema et al 2002;Lee et al 2010;WHO 2011), cancer of lungs (Behera and Balamugesh 2005), hypopharyngeal and digestive tract (Sapkota et al 2008), pharynx, larynx (WHO 2011) and oral cavity (Bruce et al 2000). In addition, cataract (Ekici et al 2005), cardiovascular disease (Brook et al 2004) and higher blood pressure (McCracken et al 2007) are also associated with biomass smoke exposure.…”

Section: Pahs Biomarkers Of Exposure and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of PAH exposure from the combustion of biomass fuel and their less surveyed effect on the blood parameters

Kamal

Cincinelli

Martellini

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

115

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Many epidemiological studies from all over the world have reported that populations of rural and urban environments differ in their health issues due to the differences in the countrywide pollution pattern. In developing countries, various occupational cohorts and subsections of the population in urban and rural areas are routinely exposed to several environmentally widespread contaminants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of over hundred different compounds and have ubiquitous presence in rural and urban environments. Smoke from the combustion of biomass fuel contains a high concentration of carcinogenic PAHs, which are related with several human morbidities. The sources and types of biomass fuel are diverse and wide in distribution. Limited numbers of literature reports have focused the significant impact of PAHs on several components of blood, both in human and wildlife. The toxicity of PAHs to rapidly dividing cells (e.g., bone marrow cells) and other tissues is largely attributed to their reactive oxygenated metabolites, potential of causing oxidative stress, and the adducts of their metabolites with DNA. This review aims to encompass the blood-related effects of PAHs and associated human health risks-an aspect that needs further research-on the population of developing countries of the world in particular.

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“…Therefore, the consumption of tobacco plays a less important role in the etiology of lung cancer among Chinese women in comparison to the rest of world, such as United States and other industrialized countries. In addition to the active smoking and environmental tobacco exposure, several risk factors may also contribute to this disease, including residential radon (9), consumption of fruit and vegetables (10), indoor air pollution (11), and reproductive factors (12). Although a considerable number of epidemiological studies have been conducted, the roles of some of the aforementioned factors in the etiology of female lung cancer currently remain controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Dietary Factors and Lung Cancer Risk Among Chinese Women: A Case-Control Study in Southeast China

Lin

Cai

2012

Nutrition and Cancer

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After decades of increase, lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death among women. The mortality rate from lung cancer is ascending at a relatively steady rate, which has greatly affected the health of the female population and become a serious issue. A case-control study of 226 female lung cancer cases and 269 controls was conducted from 2006 to 2010 in Fujian Province. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographic characteristics as well as dietary and environmental factors. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using univariate logistic regression. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the potential interactions of variables or confounders. The consumption of fruit, eggs, and tea was inversely associated with the risk of lung cancer. As expected, cooking oil fumes and environmental tobacco exposure were positively associated with elevated risk. In addition, frequent physical activity and late age at menarche were identified as protective factors of female lung cancer. The results demonstrate that some environmental and dietary factors are related to the risk of lung cancer among the female population in southeast China.

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Indoor air pollution from solid fuels and risk of hypopharyngeal/laryngeal and lung cancers: a multicentric case-control study from India

Cited by 107 publications

References 24 publications

Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

A review of PAH exposure from the combustion of biomass fuel and their less surveyed effect on the blood parameters

Environmental and Dietary Factors and Lung Cancer Risk Among Chinese Women: A Case-Control Study in Southeast China

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