Indonesia: An Emerging Market Economy Beset by Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)

Tan, Melody T.; Kusriastuti, Rita; Savioli, Lorenzo; Hotez, Peter J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002449

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…All four serotypes of DENV have been found to be circulating since and DENV3 infections associated with the most severe disease [ 16 , 17 ]. Despite dengue being a major concern remarkably little is known or done to control this virus in Indonesia, in spite of its size (in surface and population, as the world’s largest island nation but with high levels of poverty) and important economical position in SE Asia and the world [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue in Java, Indonesia: Relevance of Mosquito Indices as Risk Predictors

Wijayanti

Sunaryo²,

Suprihatin

et al. 2016

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundNo vaccine is currently available for dengue virus (DENV), therefore control programmes usually focus on managing mosquito vector populations. Entomological surveys provide the most common means of characterising vector populations and predicting the risk of local dengue virus transmission. Despite Indonesia being a country strongly affected by DENV, only limited information is available on the local factors affecting DENV transmission and the suitability of available survey methods for assessing risk.Methodology/principal findingsWe conducted entomological surveys in the Banyumas Regency (Central Java) where dengue cases occur on an annual basis. Four villages were sampled during the dry and rainy seasons: two villages where dengue was endemic, one where dengue cases occurred sporadically and one which was dengue-free. In addition to data for conventional larvae indices, we collected data on pupae indices, and collected adult mosquitoes for species identification in order to determine mosquito species composition and population density. Traditionally used larval indices (House indices, Container indices and Breteau indices) were found to be inadequate as indicators for DENV transmission risk. In contrast, species composition of adult mosquitoes revealed that competent vector species were dominant in dengue endemic and sporadic villages.Conclusions/significanceOur data suggested that the utility of traditional larvae indices, which continue to be used in many dengue endemic countries, should be re-evaluated locally. The results highlight the need for validation of risk indicators and control strategies across DENV affected areas here and perhaps elsewhere in SE Asia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue in Java, Indonesia: Relevance of Mosquito Indices as Risk Predictors

Wijayanti

Sunaryo²,

Suprihatin

et al. 2016

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Leprosy and trachoma are the only major bacterial NTDs from WHO’s list that are found commonly in Southeast Asia. Buruli ulcer and yaws also occur in Southeast Asia, but are not as widely prevalent as in sub-Saharan Africa and Australia [ 10 , 60 , 61 ], although yaws is still endemic in parts of Indonesia [ 61 ]. WHO estimates that ASEAN countries account for approximately 10% of the world’s registered leprosy cases, with three-quarters of the cases found in Indonesia [ 62 ].…”

Section: Neglected Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected Tropical Diseases among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Overview and Update

et al. 2015

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The ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) constitute an economic powerhouse, yet these countries also harbor a mostly hidden burden of poverty and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Almost 200 million people live in extreme poverty in ASEAN countries, mostly in the low or lower middle-income countries of Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Viet Nam, and Cambodia, and many of them are affected by at least one NTD. However, NTDs are prevalent even among upper middle-income ASEAN countries such as Malaysia and Thailand, especially among the indigenous populations. The three major intestinal helminth infections are the most common NTDs; each helminthiasis is associated with approximately 100 million infections in the region. In addition, more than 10 million people suffer from either liver or intestinal fluke infections, as well as schistosomiasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF). Intestinal protozoan infections are widespread, while leishmaniasis has emerged in Thailand, and zoonotic malaria (Plasmodium knowlesi infection) causes severe morbidity in Malaysia. Melioidosis has emerged as an important bacterial NTD, as have selected rickettsial infections, and leptospirosis. Leprosy, yaws, and trachoma are still endemic in focal areas. Almost 70 million cases of dengue fever occur annually in ASEAN countries, such that this arboviral infection is now one of the most common and economically important NTDs in the region. A number of other arboviral and zoonotic viral infections have also emerged, including Japanese encephalitis; tick-borne viral infections; Nipah virus, a zoonosis present in fruit bats; and enterovirus 71 infection. There are urgent needs to expand surveillance activities in ASEAN countries, as well as to ensure mass drug administration is provided to populations at risk for intestinal helminth and fluke infections, LF, trachoma, and yaws. An ASEAN Network for Drugs, Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Traditional Medicines Innovation provides a policy framework for the development of new control and elimination tools. Together with prominent research institutions and universities, the World Health Organization (WHO), and its regional offices, these organizations could implement important public health improvements through NTD control and elimination in the coming decade.

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“…Indonesia remains saddled with a huge burden of a number of communicable tropical diseases – some of which are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as neglected tropical diseases – such as dengue, malaria, filariasis, leprosy, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths and yaws. 4 The list is not exhaustive with the inclusion of tuberculosis, lower respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases which often sits in the top ten causes of mortalities. 3 Although the overall trend is a steadily decreasing number, the persistent presence of communicable diseases has been an ongoing challenge for any government ruling the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Indonesia

Hermansyah¹,

Wulandari²,

Kristina³

et al. 2020

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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The practice of community pharmacy in low and middle-income countries, including in Indonesia, is often described as in the state of infancy with several intractable barriers that have been substantially and continuously hampering the practice. Such description might be valid in highlighting how pharmacy is practiced and the conditions within and beyond community pharmacy organizations. Therefore, it is not surprising that the concept of integrating community pharmacy into the primary care system may not be considered in the contemporary discourse despite the fact that community pharmacy has been operating within communities for years. However, in the case of Indonesia, we argue that changes in the health care system within the past decade particularly with the introduction of the universal health coverage (UHC) in 2014, may have significantly amplified the role of pharmacists. There is good evidence which highlights the contribution of pharmacist as a substantial health care element in primary care practice. The initiative for employing pharmacist, identified in this article as primary care pharmacist, in the setting of community health center [puskesmas] and the introduction of affiliated or contracted community pharmacy under the UHC have enabled pharmacist to work together with other primary care providers. Moreover, government agenda under the “Smart Use of Medicines” program [Gema Cermat] recognizes pharmacists as the agent of change for improving the rational use of medicines in the community. Community pharmacy is developing, albeit slowly, and is able to grasp a novel position to deliver pharmacy-related primary care services to the general public through new services, for example drug monitoring and home care. Nevertheless, integrating community pharmacy into primary care is relatively a new notion in the Indonesian setting, and is a challenging process given the presence of barriers in the macro, meso- and micro-level of practice.

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Indonesia: An Emerging Market Economy Beset by Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Dengue in Java, Indonesia: Relevance of Mosquito Indices as Risk Predictors

Dengue in Java, Indonesia: Relevance of Mosquito Indices as Risk Predictors

Neglected Tropical Diseases among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Overview and Update

Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Indonesia

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