Indolent T‐ and NK‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: a review and update

Matnani, Rahul; Ganapathi, Karthik A.; Lewis, Suzanne K.; Green, Peter H.; Alobeid, Bachir; Bhagat, Govind

doi:10.1002/hon.2317

Cited by 61 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Various risk factors including genetic and molecular alterations,3, 4, 5 diet,3, 6, 7 and chronic inflammation8, 9, 10 have been linked to the development of both disorders. Still other studies have suggested an association between chronic mucosal inflammation and the progression of IBD to pronounced dysplasia in the GI tract 11, 12, 13, 14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Still other studies have suggested an association between chronic mucosal inflammation and the progression of IBD to pronounced dysplasia in the GI tract. [11][12][13][14] Although the microbiota is intimately involved in GI homeostasis and immune balance, several studies in animal models and humans with cancer incriminate bacterial-induced chronic intestinal inflammation as promoting a local environment favorable for malignant transformation, including lymphomagenesis. [11][12][13][14] Increased numbers of mucosal-adherent bacteria were observed in cats with duodenal IBD, 10 while invasive bacteria were observed within blood vessels and serosa of cats with large cell lymphoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of the mucosal microbiota to gastrointestinal inflammation and small cell intestinal lymphoma in cats

Garraway

Johannes

Bryan

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundThe gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota in healthy cats is altered in IBD. Little research has been performed to identify whether specific bacterial groups are associated with small cell GI lymphoma (LSA).HypothesisMucosal bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacterium spp., are abundant in intestinal biopsies of cats with small cell GI LSA compared to cats with IBD.AnimalsFourteen cats with IBD and 14 cats with small cell GI LSA.MethodsRetrospective case control study. A search of the medical records was performed to identify cats diagnosed with IBD and with GI LSA. Bacterial groups identified by FISH in GI biopsies were compared between cohorts and correlated to CD11b+ and NF‐κB expression.Results Fusobacterium spp. (median; IQR bacteria/region) were higher in cats with small cell GI LSA in ileal (527; 455.5 – 661.5; P = .046) and colonic (404.5; 328.8 – 455.5; P = .016) adherent mucus, and combined colonic compartments (free mucus, adherent mucus, attaching to epithelium) (8; 0 – 336; P = .017) compared to cats with IBD (ileum: 67; 31.5 – 259; colon: 142.5; 82.3 – 434.5; combined: 3; 0 – 34). Bacteroides spp. were higher in ileal adherent mucus (P = .036) and 3 combined ileal compartments (P = .034) of cats with small cell GI LSA. There were significant correlations between Fusobacterium spp. totals and CD11b+ cell (P = .009; rs .476) and NF‐κB expression (P = .004; rs .523).ConclusionsThe bacterial alterations appreciated might be influential in development of small cell GI LSA, and should drive further studies to elucidate the effects of microbial‐mediated inflammation on GI cancer progression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of the mucosal microbiota to gastrointestinal inflammation and small cell intestinal lymphoma in cats

Garraway

Johannes

Bryan

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…indolent T cell lymphoproliferative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract [21][22][23][24]. Clinically, these T cell lymphomas share similar presentations with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, food intolerances, and weight loss [21][22][23][24]. Epitheliotropism has not been described in literature as a histologic feature of intestinal presentations of myeloid sarcomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unique case of mixed phenotype acute leukemia with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2);BCR-ABL1 sarcoma with epitheliotropism mimicking intestinal T cell lymphoma

et al. 2018

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Myeloid sarcomas and extramedullary manifestations of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) without leukemic involvement are rare. We present an unusual case of myeloid sarcoma of T/myelomonocytic biphenotypic nature and BCR-ABL1 translocation demonstrating an epitheliotropism in the gastrointestinal tract and mass-forming lesions in the lungs without bone marrow involvement. A 69-year-old gentleman presented with non-bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain complicated by weight loss. CT scan showed diffuse mural thickening in the jejunum, distal ileum, transverse colon, and splenic flexure and bilateral pulmonary nodules. Biopsies of the ileum and colon were performed. An initial diagnosis of T cell lymphoma was made based on intestinal infiltration with CD4 and CD7 positive monomorphic atypical cells. Despite treatment, the patient's lung masses grew. A comprehensive immunohistochemistry panel was performed on the lung biopsy based on the classic morphologic appearance of sheets of atypical cells and that CD4 and CD7 are also expressed in a subset of myeloid cells. The panel demonstrated CD34 (subset), CD68, muramidase/lysozyme, and CD117 expressions. Flow cytometry showed an aberrant myelomonocytic population. The presence of T lineage blasts was confirmed by a subset of blasts with cytoplasmic CD3. The diagnosis of mixed phenotype T/myeloid sarcoma with myelomonocytic differentiation and t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2);BCR-ABL1 was made. Epitheliotropism has not been previously described as a histologic feature of intestinal myeloid sarcomas. The epitheliotropism, enteropathy-like features and gastrointestinal symptoms mimicked T cell lymphomas. This case highlighted the pivotal role of flow cytometry and clinicopathological correlation in making a diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma with MPAL phenotype.

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“…This term designates clonal T‐cell proliferations involving the gastrointestinal mucosa, with a relatively indolent clinical course , . Common presenting signs are chronic diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and/or rectal bleeding.…”

Section: Intestinal T‐cell Lymphomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma and other rare T‐cell lymphomas

Leval

2019

Hematological Oncology

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Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) account for less than 15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas worldwide. In the current WHO classification, more than 25 types of T-cell neoplasms are listed (Table 1). 1 Considering the noncutaneous T-cell lymphomas, despite substantial geographic variations in the incidence and the subtype prevalence, a few entities-essentially those presenting as nodal diseases-are relatively common and account for the majority of the cases, while extranodal entities are far less common or distinctively rare. Here, we will review the clinico-pathological features of breast implant (BI)-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma and intestinal T-cell neoplasms, with a focus on the recent advances in the understanding of their molecular biology and pathogenesis. 2 | BREAST IMPLANT-ASSOCIATED ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a very rare form of T-cell lymphoma that arises in association with BIs. BIA-ALCL was introduced as a new provisional disease entity in the recently revised WHO classification of lymphoid malignancies, distinct from the other types of ALCLs already recognized (anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK]-positive and ALK-negative ALCL and primary cutaneous ALCL). 1 2.1 | Epidemiology Since the first case was described in 1997, more than 500 cases of BIA-ALCL have been reported in the literature worldwide. An increasing number of dioagnoses were recorded over the recent years reflecting a substantial increase in recognition and awareness of the disease. Notwithstanding these trends, the incidence of BIA-ALCL remains very low. Primary breast lymphomas represent 1% to 2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with most cases diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, follicular or marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. Among more than 400 breast lymphomas accumulated between 2010 and 2018 in the French lymphoma network, BIA-ALCL represented 10% of the diagnoses. 2Taking into consideration the very large number of women with BIs over the world, the individual risk of BIA-ALCL is very small. A recent population-based case-control study based on the pathology registry in the Netherlands established that BI is associated with a markedly increased risk (400 times) of developing ALCL, but the absolute cumulative risk is estimated to one case for every 50 000 women with BI by the age of 50 years and one per 7000 by the age of 75. 2 In another study based on US cases, the lifetime risk of BIA-ALCL in women with textured implants was estimated to be 1 in 30 000. 3 | Clinical featuresThe mean age at diagnosis is in the 50s. Approximately 60% of women who develop BIA-ALCL had implants for cosmetic reasons, and 40% had implants for reconstructive purposes after surgery for breast cancer. BIA-ALCL has also been reported in three transgender male to female individuals. The median time interval between implant insertion and lymphoma diagnosis is 8 to 9 years in different studies, but wide variations are observed. There is no significant difference in risk o...

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Indolent T‐ and NK‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: a review and update

Cited by 61 publications

References 50 publications

Relationship of the mucosal microbiota to gastrointestinal inflammation and small cell intestinal lymphoma in cats

Relationship of the mucosal microbiota to gastrointestinal inflammation and small cell intestinal lymphoma in cats

A unique case of mixed phenotype acute leukemia with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2);BCR-ABL1 sarcoma with epitheliotropism mimicking intestinal T cell lymphoma

Breast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma and other rare T‐cell lymphomas

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