Individuelle und kontextuelle Determinanten der Teilhabe an Sozialkapital

Bühlmann, Marc; Freitag, Markus

doi:10.1007/s11577-004-0037-9

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…On the one hand, this should raise the value of the social appreciation of voluntary participation for members. On the other hand, the lower anonymity and the accompanying possibilities of sanctioning noncommitment (free‐riding becomes more costly) lead to the expectation of higher voluntary commitment (Bühlmann & Freitag, 2007). The present results indicate that growth‐oriented efforts of sports clubs have contra‐productive effects on volunteering and can further weaken the willingness to volunteer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The status of volunteering manifests in, for example, the measures and strategic planning to promote and support volunteering in the club as well as in material and nonmaterial incentives. The amount of voluntary engagement in sports club and its valuation may vary with size, goals or settlement structure (rural vs. urban) (Bühlmann & Freitag, 2007). For the size of a club, two opposing effects are conceivable: although the perceived social appreciation by other members should increase with the number of members (Erlinghagen, 2003), larger clubs reduce the social obligation to volunteer (decline in the community character, growth in anonymity) and encourage the free‐rider problem (e.g.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Who will volunteer? Analysing individual and structural factors of volunteering in Swiss sports clubs

Schlesinger

Nagel

2013

European Journal of Sport Science

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This article analyses the conditions influencing volunteering in sports clubs. It focuses not only on individual characteristics of volunteers but also on the corresponding structural conditions of sports clubs. It proposes a model of voluntary work in sports clubs based on economic behaviour theory. The influences of both the individual and context levels on the decision to engage in voluntary work are estimated in different multilevel models. Results of these multilevel analyses indicate that volunteering is not just an outcome of individual characteristics such as lower workloads, higher income, children belonging to the sports club, longer club memberships, or a strong commitment to the club. It is also influenced by club-specific structural conditions; volunteering is more probable in rural sports clubs whereas growth-oriented goals in clubs have a destabilising effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who will volunteer? Analysing individual and structural factors of volunteering in Swiss sports clubs

Schlesinger

Nagel

2013

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…A further issue that must be considered is the problem of what is known as ‘reverse causation’ (Whiteley, 2000, p. 459). Our analyses are based on the assumption that the stock of social capital influences the unemployment rates in a given region and not vice versa (Bühlmann and Freitag, 2004, p. 332). Following Whiteley (2000), we address this issue by incorporating a time lag between the cause ‘social capital’ and its effect ‘unemployment rates’.…”

Section: Method Data and Operationalisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Capital and Unemployment: A Macro-Quantitative Analysis of the European Regions

Freitag

Kirchner

2011

Political Studies

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The policy of unemployment is probably one of the most controversial issues among economists, social scientists and politicians. In this article, we argue that European regions with higher levels of social capital will tend to have lower levels of unemployment. Using a macro‐quantitative cross‐sectional analysis of 134 European regions, we show that a great deal of variability in sub‐national unemployment rates can be accounted for by a particular level of regionally aggregated measures of the density and depth of social networks between individuals. In other words, higher levels of social capital will lead to more efficient use of information about the labour market, to lower search and transaction costs on both sides of the market, to a higher quality of applicants, to the efficient placement of individual workers, to less conflict between insiders and outsiders and to more intensive efforts to find work. All in all, higher levels of social capital can be expected to limit the numbers of unemployed. Even when applying simultaneous equation modelling to counter against a possible endogeneity problem, our findings remain robust.

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“…In addition to individual incentive and expectation structures, organizational factors such as involvement in the club, club memberships of one's own children, the perceived club climate, staff management, the reputation of the club, or the accumulated human and social capital obviously play a role in whether, to what extent and in what form members volunteer in the sports club (Flatau, 2009 ; Dwyer et al, 2013 ; Schlesinger et al, 2013 , 2014 ; Egli et al, 2014 ; Malinen and Harju, 2017 ; Swierzy et al, 2018 ; Wicker et al, 2018 ). As a third level, contextual factors such as political, social or economic conditions should also be considered to explain individual volunteering and related gender differences in the context of a multilevel analysis (Bühlmann and Freitag, 2004 , 2007 ). These analyses should not rely on quantitative methods alone, but should integrate qualitative methods in order to explain statistical findings comprehensively (Kelle, 2007 ) and to understand the mechanisms of reproduction of social inequality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's Volunteering and Voluntary Leadership Positions in Sport—Secondary Analyses of the German Survey on Volunteering

Burrmann

Sielschott

2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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For decades, the German sports policy mission statement “Sport for All” has been aimed at attracting women to voluntary work in the sports sector. Nevertheless, women are consistently underrepresented in volunteering within sports organizations and especially on boards. One-dimensional gender analyses that exclude other factors like class and ethnicity cannot, however, adequately describe different modes of disadvantage. In order to analyze the unequal access to volunteering and leadership positions in sport, we refer to inequality theory and intersectional approaches, which include different factors of disadvantage. Our study is based on a quantitative population survey on volunteering in Germany with more than 25,000 respondents conducted in 2014 and 2019. We examine factors and interactions that can predict women's volunteering and leadership in sport. The results show that the proportion of women who volunteer is lower than the proportion of men and that fewer women than men take on leadership positions. The gender differences were not as pronounced in 2019 as they were in 2014. Independent of gender, the likelihood of volunteering increases with higher income, A-levels, no immigration status, marriage and the presence of children in the household. Part-time and marginal employment is more often associated with volunteering among women than among men; however, the likelihood of volunteering decreases more for women than for men when they are not employed at all. Moreover, higher income for women is less likely to be associated with voluntary work than for men while volunteering in other areas has a more positive effect on volunteering in sports for women than for men. Independent of gender, the likelihood of holding a leadership position increases with higher income, with marriage, and decreases with immigration background and with the presence of children in the household. Part-time and marginal employment increase the likelihood of having a leadership position to a greater extent for men than for women. In terms of leadership positions men benefit more than women if there are no children in the household. The results suggest that practical and policy efforts should focus more on improving the conditions for women to gain voluntary leadership positions.

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Individuelle und kontextuelle Determinanten der Teilhabe an Sozialkapital

Cited by 30 publications

References 65 publications

Who will volunteer? Analysing individual and structural factors of volunteering in Swiss sports clubs

Who will volunteer? Analysing individual and structural factors of volunteering in Swiss sports clubs

Social Capital and Unemployment: A Macro-Quantitative Analysis of the European Regions

Women's Volunteering and Voluntary Leadership Positions in Sport—Secondary Analyses of the German Survey on Volunteering

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