“…This improvement happened in all six factors of attitude as affect, cognitive competence, value, difficulty, interest and effort. This result contributes to the results of previous work which reported mostly intellectual (Carlberg, 2014;Nash and Quon, 1996;Price and Zhang, 2007) or practical (Hunt, 2003(Hunt, , 2005(Hunt, , 2007Newfeld, 2016) gains. The ìStatistics AttitudesOutcomes Modelî proposed that effort had significant effect on statistics outcomes (Emmiog ∪ ∪ ∪ ∪ ∪ lu, 2011), and the Ecclesí Model proposed that spent effort was the predictor of studentsí achievement in statistics (Eccles and Wigfield, 2002).…”