Individuality and relatedness of the self: An autophotographic study.

Abstract

Using R. C. Ziller's (1990) method of autophotography, the authors studied the duality of relatedness and individuality. A total of 226 young adults used photos (and words) to portray "who they are." Photo essays were scored for objective codes (e.g., people touching) and subjectively rated for individuality (richness of self-depiction). As predicted, persons who emphasized their personal rather than social identity depicted greater individuality; relatedness was associated with social and collective identity. Other results replicated earlier gender differences in relatedness and associations of individuality and relatedness with the 5-factor model. In the 2nd wave of the sample, individuality was associated with higher ego development, maturity, and self-directed values; low individuality was associated with restrictive conformity and security values. The authors suggest that the combination of individuality and relatedness is optimal for human development.Autobiographical and self-narrative methods have become increasingly popular in contemporary psychology (e.g., Baumeister & Newman, 1994;Howard, Maerlender, Myers, & Curtin, 1992;McAdams, 1985), and one such method, the autophotographic essay, has considerable promise for revealing new insights about personality and social psychology (Ziller, 1990). Our purpose in the present study is to extend recent work with this method to shed light on the relationship between individuality and social connection or relatedness (Franz

Sex differences in the preattentive processing of vocal emotional expressions

“…Additionally, they are in congruence with reports of a higher relevance of social information for women than for men. According to these reports, women, more than men, define themselves in relational terms [9][10][11]. The higher relevance of social relationships makes women more dependent on the emotional state of others, which may enhance their processing of vocal emotional expressions.…”

“…These findings are in congruence with proposals of sex differences in social orientation. According to these proposals, women, more than men, define themselves in relational terms [9][10][11]. Thus, information about the emotional state of others may be more relevant for women and consequently processed more readily than in men.…”

Individuality and relatedness in middle and late adulthood: A study of women and men in the Netherlands, East- and West-Germany

“…Also for adulthood, studies on individuality and relatedness conclude that the combination of the two orientations is the optimal state for human development (Dollinger, Preston, O'Brien & DiLalla, 1996). So far, in life span developmental psychology this idea receives little emphasis.…”

O uso da fotografia na pesquisa em Psicologia

“…Em relação ao conteúdo das fotografias, como será explicitado posteriormente, a literatura (Amerikaner, Schauble & Ziller, 1980;Combs & Ziller, 1977;Dinklage & Ziller, 1989;Dollinger, 1996;Dollinger, 2001;Dollinger, no prelo;Dollinger, Cook & Robinson, 1999;Dollinger & Dollinger, 1997;Dollinger, Preston, O'Brien & DiLalla, 1996;Dollinger, Rhodes & Corcoran, 1993;Dollinger, Robinson & Ross, 1999;Dollinger, Ross & Preston, no prelo;Henry & Solano, 1983;Monteiro & Dollinger, 1996Okura, Ziller & Osawa, 1985-86;Rorer & Ziller, 1982;Ziller, 1990;Ziller & Lewis, 1981;Ziller & Rorer, 1985;Ziller & Smith, 1977;Ziller, Vern & de Santoya, 1988) indica o uso da técnica de análise de conteúdo, na qual são definidas categorias a partir dos diferentes assuntos presentes nas imagens. As freqüências de ocorrência de cada uma destas categorias são quantificadas e comparadas entre os diferentes grupos de participantes da pesquisa.…”