Individual Variation in Growth Factor Concentrations in Platelet-rich Plasma and Its Influence on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to explore whether individual variations in the concentration of growth factors (GFs) influence the biologic effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs).MethodsThe concentrations of 7 representative GFs in activated PRP (aPRP) were measured using ELISA. The effects of PRP on the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of HMSCs were examined using several concentrations of aPRP from 3 donors; the relationships between the GF levels and these biologic effects were then evaluated using 10% aPRP from 5 subgroups derived from 39 total donors. HMSCs were cultured in DMEM with the addition of aPRP for 4 or 12 days; then, DNA content and ALP activity were measured.ResultsThe quantity of DNA increased significantly at a 10% concentration of aPRP, but the ALP activity was suppressed at this concentration of aPRP. The GF concentrations varied among donors, and 5 subgroups of characteristic GF release patterns were identified via cluster analysis. DNA levels differed significantly between groups and tended to be higher in groups with higher concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs). DNA quantity was positively correlated with TGF-β1 concentration, and was negatively correlated with donor age. ALP activity was negatively correlated with PDGF-BB concentration.ConclusionsThe varying GF concentrations may result in different biologic effects; thus, individual differences in GF levels should be considered for reliable interpretation of the biologic functions and standardized application of PRP.

Effect of PRP and PPP on proliferation and migration of human chondrocytes and synoviocytes in vitro

“…A number of studies have addressed the effect of PRP concentration on the proliferation of osteoblasts, periodontal cells, or mesenchymal stem cells [25][26][27][28][29]. Some authors have reported that PRP at higher concentrations failed to promote proliferation, and in some cases even suppressed it [14,30]. On the other hand, there are only a few studies on the effect of different concentrations of PRP on the proliferation of human chondrocytes [9,31,32] and synoviocytes [33].…”

Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells Derived from Menstrual Blood Versus Bone Marrow in the Presence of Human Platelet Releasate

“…However, platelet lysates obtained by the other groups also contained high concentrations of TGF-b and PDGF in contrary to low levels of b-FGF or TNF-a. 15,[31][32][33] More importantly, TGF-b as the major constituent of HPR plays a key role in early osteogenic differentiation, but is not potent per se to induce terminal osteogenic differentiation as well. [34][35][36] Therefore, osteogenic inducer-independent action of HPR on differentiation of BMSCs toward an osteogenic lineage, as we showed here, implies that osteogenic potential of HPR may due in part, but not restricted to the distinct presence of TGF-b.…”

Platelet rich plasma and amnion-derived fluid as clinical options for regenerative medicine applications

“…Furthermore, sex differences have been reported in the literature which add an additional variable to consider when harvesting PRP from older patients. For example, higher concentrations of these growth factors were found in female subjects [14].…”

“…It is currently recognized as an effective treatment for diabetic wounds [10], surgical wounds [9], and musculoskeletal injuries [11]. There have been reports of generally positive patient outcomes with a very low occurrence rate of adverse events, and while there have not been a large number of randomized clinical trials performed for some of the desired applications, such as ligament and tendon repair [12], the application of PRP for other conditions such as osteoarthritis has definitively yielded better results than alternatives such as hyaluronic acid [13] and corticosteroids [14].…”