Individual Susceptibility and Prevention of Occupational Diseases: Scientific and Ethical Issues

K, Van Damme; Casteleyn, Ludwine; Heseltine, Élisabeth; A, Huici; Sorsa, Marja; N, van Larebeke; Víneis, Paolo

doi:10.1097/00043764-199501000-00013

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Por todo lo anterior, es importante contar con indicadores que permitan determinar los efectos genotóxicos en poblaciones expuestas a estos tóxicos ambientales (19,20). Una de las técnicas utilizada para esta vigilancia es el ensayo del cometa o la electroforesis alcalina de células individuales, que permite evaluar el daño causado en el material genético por diferentes agentes químicos y físicos (21)(22)(23).…”

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Evaluación del daño en el ADN y vigilancia biológica de la exposición laboral a solventes orgánicos, 2006

et al. 2008

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Introducción. La exposición a solventes es uno de los mayores riesgos potenciales para millones de trabajadores en el mundo; los solventes generan contaminación ambiental y desencadenan problemas de salud pública. Objetivo. Determinar los niveles de los metabolitos benceno, tolueno y xileno, los polimorfismos de las enzimas CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1 y el daño del ADN mediante el ensayo del cometa. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal para la determinación de polimorfismos genéticos y prueba del cometa en 90 trabajadores pertenecientes a cinco empresas. Se aplicó una encuesta, se tomaron muestras de sangre y de orina, se midieron las concentraciones de fenol, ácido hipúrico orto y meta-metilhipúrico. Se hizo el análisis estadístico y se exploraron posibles asociaciones. Resultados. El 34,4% eran trabajadores con exposición directa a solventes. En este grupo se evidenciaron concentraciones superiores a los límites permisibles en 3,3% para fenol, en 6,6% para ácido hipúrico, en 3,3% para ácido orto-metilhipúrico y en 36,7% para ácido metametilhipúrico, mayor longitud promedio de la cola del cometa (19,5 µm) y un incremento del porcentaje de células con daño medio (19,0%) (p=0,0007). El porcentaje de individuos expuestos con genotipos ausentes para las enzimas GSTT1 y GSTM1 fue de 46,7% y de 56,8%, respectivamente. Conclusión. El uso de biomarcadores de exposición, efecto y susceptibilidad, se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental para la evaluación del riesgo asociado con la exposición a agentes tóxicos.Palabras clave: daño del ADN/genética, exposición profesional, solventes/toxicidad, salud pública DNA damage assessment and biological monitoring of occupational exposure to organic solvents, 2006Introduction. Exposure to solvents is one of the highest potential risks for millions of workers in the world; they can generate substantial environmental pollution leading to outbreaks of public health problems. Objective. Blood levels were determined for metabolites of benzene, toluene and xylene, and polymorphisms for enzymes CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1 were characterized. Damage to DNA was assessed by the comet assay for exposure to organic solvents. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 90 employees from 5 different companies. A survey form was administered; blood was sampled to detect the genetic polymorphisms and to apply the comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) to detect DNA fragmentation. The concentrations of phenol, ortho and meta methylhippuric acids were measured in urine. Statistical analyses explored the possible associations. Results. The percentage of workers directly exposed to solvents was 34.4%. In this group, the evidence indicated concentrations higher than the permitted limits: 3.3% for phenol, 6.6% for

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Evaluación del daño en el ADN y vigilancia biológica de la exposición laboral a solventes orgánicos, 2006

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“…Reliability depends on the standardization of techniques and the quality control of procedures. Validity is the extent to which the test measures what it is intended to measure, or its sensitivity and specificity (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology allow for measurement of biologic events or substances that may provide markers of exposure, effect, or susceptibility in humans. Certain tests, such as DNA adduct formation, are used for measuring biologically effective dose, whereas others are considered to measure early effects, such as chromosomal aberrations (20). The ability to sequence DNA will revolutionize mutation research and lead to insights into the relationship between exposure and disease development.…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fat-soluble pesticides and, to This paper was prepared as background for the Workshop on Susceptibility to Environmental Hazards convened by the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC) held [17][18][19][20][21][22] March 1996 in Espoo, Finland. Manuscript received at EHP 5 November 1996; accepted 18 November 1996. some extent, the water-soluble pesticides are absorbed through intact skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers of Human Exposure to Pesticides

Anwar¹

1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Genetic analyses and the interpretive uncertainties that accompany their use in research contexts frequently present difficult practical issues for environmental health researchers committed to obtaining meaningful informed consent from research volunteers (Hainaut and Vahakangas 1999;Van Damme et al 1995). For example, researchers often struggle with how best to describe the potential implications of genetic susceptibility testing for a research participant's future employment opportunities and insurance matters (Frank 2001).…”

Section: Identifying Susceptible Subpopulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical issues in environmental health research.

Sharp

2003

Environ Health Perspect

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Environmental health research encompasses a wide range of investigational topics, study designs, and empirical methodologies. As that arm of public health research concerned with understanding the health effects of the many environments in which humans live and work, the field is intimately connected with social concerns about environmental quality and disparities of power and privilege that place differential burdens upon members of underserved communities. Environmental health researchers thus engage many ethical and social issues in the work they do. These issues relate to the choice of research topics to study, the methods employed to examine these topics, the communication of research findings to the public, and the involvement of scientific experts in the shaping of environmental policy and governmental regulation. These and other topics are reviewed in this article. These ethical, legal, and social issues are becoming increasingly more complex as new genetic and molecular techniques are used to study environmental toxicants and their potential influence on human and ecologic health.

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Individual Susceptibility and Prevention of Occupational Diseases: Scientific and Ethical Issues

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluación del daño en el ADN y vigilancia biológica de la exposición laboral a solventes orgánicos, 2006

Evaluación del daño en el ADN y vigilancia biológica de la exposición laboral a solventes orgánicos, 2006

Biomarkers of Human Exposure to Pesticides

Ethical issues in environmental health research.

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