Individual risk factors for adolescent substance use

Swadi, Harith

doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00017-4

Cited by 219 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The learner may be selecting friends with similar risk-taking behaviours, conforming to subcultural norms or being actively influenced by peers. 30,31 Lifetime cannabis use was found to be significantly associated with lifetime cigarette use and lifetime alcohol use in this study. The association between cannabis and alcohol use is consistent with the findings of Taylor et al 10 in KwaZulu-Natal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Epidemiology of substance use among secondary school learners in Atteridgeville, Gauteng

2012

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Introduction. Adolescent substance use has a number of adverse consequences for both the individual and society. Anecdotal evidence suggested the existence of a serious substance use problem among learners in Atteridgeville, part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa. Objectives. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence rates and age of initiation of substance use among learners attending secondary schools in Atteridgeville, and the factors, if any, associated with cannabis use.Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. A cluster sampling technique was employed. Twenty-two of the total of 191 grade 8 - 11 classes in the nine Atteridgeville secondary schools were randomly selected, with all 895 learners in the selected classes being invited to participate. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was conducted using the survey estimation commands in STATA 10.0. Results. The lifetime prevalence rates for the three most commonly used substances were 51.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 41.5 - 61.5%) for alcohol, 25.2% (95% CI 17.1 - 33.3%) for cigarettes and 13.2% (95% CI 8.3 - 18.2%) for cannabis. Alcohol was also found to have the lowest mean age of initiation at 14.6 years (standard deviation 2.0). Based on CRAFFT screening scores, 30.3% (95% CI 24.5 - 36.1%) of learners met the criteria for possible problem substance use. Following multivariate analysis, the factors found to be significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use were age, gender, lifetime cigarette use, lifetime alcohol use, the number of illicit drug users among the learners’ five closest friends, and an older sibling with a history of illicit drug use.Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that substance use among learners in Atteridgeville is widespread and that a comprehensive intervention strategy is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Epidemiology of substance use among secondary school learners in Atteridgeville, Gauteng

2012

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“…Consequently, theories and models of adolescent AOD use have focused on the initiation of AOD use and the transitions between the use of drugs with low dependence liability to drugs with a higher dependence liability (Kandel, 2002). More than 70 factors have been identified for adolescent AOD use (Swadi, 1999) and the majority of these fit into the categories of individual-, family-or peer-levels. A comprehensive review of adolescent risk factors (Hawkins et al, 1992;Swadi, 1999) and social-level factors for adults has been presented elsewhere (Galea et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 70 factors have been identified for adolescent AOD use (Swadi, 1999) and the majority of these fit into the categories of individual-, family-or peer-levels. A comprehensive review of adolescent risk factors (Hawkins et al, 1992;Swadi, 1999) and social-level factors for adults has been presented elsewhere (Galea et al, 2004). Within the field of public health, there has been a renewed interest in exploring the impact of environment-or community-level factors on various health conditions and research in this area has used census-based measurement of community effects, and census tracts may or may not reflect neighborhoods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of self-reported neighborhood disorganization and social capital with adolescent alcohol and drug use, dependence, and access to treatment

Winstanley

Steinwachs

Ensminger

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

153

102

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Aims-This research examines adolescent perceptions of neighborhood disorganization and social capital to determine if they are associated with adolescent alcohol or drug (AOD) use, AOD dependence, and access to AOD treatment.Design-This is a secondary analysis of data from the 1999 and 2000 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The NSDUH is a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of the noninstitutionalized United States population and is conducted in respondents' homes.Participants-Youth between the ages of 12 and 17, yielding a sample size of 38,115 respondents. Measurements-Neighborhood disorganization was self-reported by youth in response to eight items; ten items measured social capital. AOD use was also self-reported. AOD dependence was assessed by a series of questions regarding symptoms and impairment that is consistent with the criteria specified in the DSM-IV.Results-A little more than half of the youth reported never using alcohol or drugs (54.3%), 41.1% reported lifetime AOD use, and 4.6% were AOD dependent. Two percent reported receiving AOD treatment. Medium and high levels of social capital were negatively associated with AOD use and Conflict of Interest. All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access

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“…É provável que os filhos possam herdar dos pais padrões excessivos de beber, o comportamento de beber é assimilado e são atribuídos valores e crenças associados ao ato de beber. Embora, o uso de álcool seja considerado pela família uma atitude negativa para o desenvolvimento dos filhos, gerando risco de se tornarem usuários, pesquisas apontaram que atitudes permissivas dos pais são consideradas maior fator de risco nesta situação (Schenker e Minayo, 2005;Swadi, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Uso de Álcool, Drogas, Níveis de Impulsividade e Agressividade em Adolescentes do Rio Grande do Sul

Almeida

Trentini

Klein

et al. 2014

Psico

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Cristiane Hammer Martin Tesmmer Universidade do Vale do Rio dos SinosSão Leopoldo, RS, Brasil RESUMO O uso de drogas na adolescência pode causar prejuízos ao desenvolvimento, podendo se estender ao longo da vida. A impulsividade é fator de risco para o consumo de álcool e outras drogas, podendo, assim, ser responsável tanto pelo início quanto pelo aumento da drogadição. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar como e quando ocorre o início do uso de substâncias entre adolescentes do Rio Grande do Sul, investigando, também, os níveis de impulsividade e agressividade entre estes jovens, e se existem diferenças entre os sexos. Foram utilizados três instrumentos: (1) questionário sociodemográfico sobre uso de drogas; (2) escala de impulsividade de Barrat e (3) Inventário de Expressão de Raiva como Estado e Traço-STAXI. Conclui-se que o início do uso de substâncias tem ocorrido mais precocemente no Rio Grande do Sul do que em outros estados, e que as médias de impulsividade e agressividade destes adolescentes foram consideradas elevadas.Palavras-chaves: Adolescência. Álcool e drogas. Impulsividade. Agressividade. ABSTRACT Alcohol and Drugs Use, Levels of Impulsivity and Aggression in Adolescents in Rio Grande do SulDrug use in adolescence can cause damage to development, and may extend throughout life. Impulsivity is a risk factor for alcohol and other drugs, and may thus be responsible for both the beginning and the rise of drug addiction. The aim of this study was to determine how and when the onset of substance use among adolescents in Rio Grande do Sul, investigating also the levels of impulsivity and aggression among these young people, and whether there are differences between the sexes, Three instruments were used: (1) questionnaire on socio-demographic and drug use; (2) the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and (3) Anger Expression Inventory and State-Trait as STAXI. We conclude that the onset of substance use has occurred earlier in Rio Grande do Sul than in other states, and that the means of impulsivity and aggressiveness of these adolescents were considered elevated.Keywords: Adolescents. Alcohol and drugs. Impulsivity. Aggressiveness. RESUMEN Consumo de Alcohol e Drogas, Niveles de Impulsividad y la Agresión de Adolescentes en Rio Grande do SulEl consumo de drogas en la adolescencia puede causar daño al desarrollo, y se puede extender a lo largo de la vida. La impulsividad es un factor de riesgo de alcohol y otras drogas, y por lo tanto puede ser responsable de tanto el comienzo como el aumento de la drogadicción. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar cómo y cuándo el inicio del consumo de drogas entre los adolescentes en Rio Grande do Sul, investigando también los niveles de impulsividad y la agresión entre los jóvenes, y si hay diferencias entre los sexos. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos: (1) socio-demográfica cuestionario sobre el consumo de drogas, (2) la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt, y (3) de la ira Expresión y Estado-Rasgo como STAXI. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el inicio del consumo de susta...

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Individual risk factors for adolescent substance use

Cited by 219 publications

References 112 publications

Epidemiology of substance use among secondary school learners in Atteridgeville, Gauteng

Epidemiology of substance use among secondary school learners in Atteridgeville, Gauteng

The association of self-reported neighborhood disorganization and social capital with adolescent alcohol and drug use, dependence, and access to treatment

Uso de Álcool, Drogas, Níveis de Impulsividade e Agressividade em Adolescentes do Rio Grande do Sul

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