Individual Responses to Combined Endurance and Strength Training in Older Adults

Karavirta, Laura; Häkkinen, Keijo; Kauhanen, Antti; Arija-Blázquez, Alfredo; Sillanpää, Elina; Rinkinen, Niina; Häkkinen, Arja

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181f1bf0d

Cited by 107 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Both overall intensity and volume of training increased progressively throughout the training period. Regarding to the present study, high adherence to RT (99 ± 2 %) has been previously reported (Karavirta et al 2011b). Moreover, all subjects were required to complete a minimum of 90 % of total training sessions.…”

Section: Resistance Training Programmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Individuals were defined as low responders when taking into account the results of non-training controls. The confidence intervals (CI) of changes in muscle size and strength in the control group were determined by Univariate GLM, and the upper 95 % CI was used as the lower limit for a significant individual training-induced change in the training group (Hopkins 2000;Karavirta et al 2011b). Individuals with gains in muscle size and strength beyond 1 SD from the mean of the training group were defined as high responders (Erskine et al 2010).…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneity in resistance training-induced muscle strength and mass responses in men and women of different ages

Ahtiainen

Walker

Peltonen

et al. 2016

AGE

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169

150

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Physical activity recommendations for public health include typically muscle-strengthening activities for a minimum of 2 days a week. The range of interindividual variation in responses to resistance training (RT) aiming to improve health and well-being requires to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to quantify high and low responders for RT-induced changes in muscle size and strength and to examine possible effects of age and sex on these responses. Previously collected data of untrained healthy men and women (age 19 to 78 years, n = 287 with 72 controls) were pooled for the present study. Muscle size and strength changed during RT are 4.8 ± 6.1 % (range from −11 to 30 %) and 21.1 ± 11.5 % (range from −8 to 60 %) compared to pre-RT, respectively. Age and sex did not affect to the RT responses. Fourteen percent and 12 % of the subjects were defined as high responders (>1 standard deviation (SD) from the group mean) for the RT-induced changes in muscle size and strength, respectively. When taking into account the results of nontraining controls (upper 95 % CI), 29 and 7 % of the subjects were defined as low responders for the RTinduced changes in muscle size and strength, respectively. The muscle size and strength responses varied extensively between the subjects regardless of subject's age and sex. Whether these changes are associated with, e.g., functional capacity and metabolic health improvements due to RT requires further studies.

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Section: Resistance Training Programmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity in resistance training-induced muscle strength and mass responses in men and women of different ages

Ahtiainen

Walker

Peltonen

et al. 2016

AGE

Self Cite

169

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, understanding features of skeletal muscle quality changes with aging, sarcopenia, and frailty may be key to preserving independence and reducing catastrophic events. However, in examining muscle qualitative changes that frequently accompany aging and ultimately frailty, it is important to consider the large physiological variation in elders of a similar age [19]. Large variations imply that many of the qualitative changes that we observe with aging may actually be more of a product of disuse than aging per se [20].…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle In Aging and Physiological Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

2015

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Aging is often accompanied by declines in physical functioning which impedes older adults' quality of life, sense of independence, and ability to perform daily tasks. Age-related decreases in skeletal muscle quantity, termed sarcopenia, have traditionally been blamed for these physical decrements. However, recent evidence suggests that the quality of muscle tissue may be more functionally relevant than its quantity. 'Muscle quality' has been emerging as a means to elucidate and describe the intricate intramuscular changes associated with muscle performance in the context of aging and sarcopenia. While muscle quality has most commonly been defined in terms of muscle composition or relative strength, at the core, muscle quality really describes muscle's ability to function. Skeletal muscle displays a strong structure-function relationship by which several architectural characteristics factor into its functional capacity. This review describes the structural, physiological, and functional determinants of muscle quality at the tissue and cellular level, while also introducing other novel parameters such as sarcomere spacing and integrity, circulating biomarkers, and the muscle quality index. Muscle qualitative features are described from the perspective of how physical exercise may improve muscle quality in older adults. This broad, multidimensional perspective of muscle quality in the context of aging and sarcopenia offers comprehensive insights for consideration and integration in developing improved prognostic tools for research and clinical care, while also promoting translational approaches to the design of novel targeted intervention strategies designed to maintain function and mobility into late life.

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“…Metabolically induced changes resulting from physical activity have been extensively characterized and include reduction in triglyceride and LDL levels, increased HDL, enhanced insulin sensitivity, weight loss, and reduced adiposity (33,55). Although the evidence for these physiological modifications is consistent, changes resulting from exercise remain considerably variable within populations of both humans and rodents (18,52), especially with regard to weight and adiposity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, weight loss, and changes in body composition in mice: phenotypic relationships and genetic architecture

Kelly

Nehrenberg

Hua

et al. 2011

Physiological Genomics

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The regulation of body weight and composition is complex, simultaneously affected by genetic architecture, the environment, and their interactions. We sought to analyze the complex phenotypic relationships between voluntary exercise, food consumption, and changes in body weight and composition and simultaneously localize quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling these traits. A large (n = 815) murine advanced intercross line (G(4)) was created from a reciprocal cross between a high-running line and the inbred strain C57BL/6J. Body weight and composition (% fat, % lean) were measured at 4, 6, and 8 wk of age. After measurements at 8 wk of age, mice were given access to running wheels, during which food consumption was quantified and after which body weight and composition were assessed to evaluate exercise-induced changes. Phenotypic correlations indicated that the relationship between exercise and overall change in weight and adiposity depended on body composition before the initiation of exercise. Interval mapping revealed QTL for body weight, % fat, and % lean at 4, 6, and 8 wk of age. Furthermore, QTL were observed for food consumption and changes in weight, % fat, and % lean in response to short-term exercise. Here we provide some clarity for the relationship between weight loss, reduction in adiposity, food consumption, and exercise. Simultaneously, we reinforce the genetic basis for body weight and composition with some independent loci controlling growth at different ages. Finally, we present unique QTL providing insight regarding variation in weight loss and reduction in adiposity in response to exercise.

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Individual Responses to Combined Endurance and Strength Training in Older Adults

Cited by 107 publications

References 29 publications

Heterogeneity in resistance training-induced muscle strength and mass responses in men and women of different ages

Heterogeneity in resistance training-induced muscle strength and mass responses in men and women of different ages

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

Exercise, weight loss, and changes in body composition in mice: phenotypic relationships and genetic architecture

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