Individual fluid plans versus ad libitum on hydration status in minor professional ice hockey players

Abstract

BackgroundDespite exercising in cool environments, ice hockey players exhibit several dehydration risk factors. Individualized fluid plans (IFPs) are designed to mitigate dehydration by matching an individual’s sweat loss in order to optimize physiological systems and performance.MethodsA randomized control trial was used to examine IFP versus ad libitum fluid ingestion on hydration in 11 male minor professional ice hockey players (mean age = 24.4 ± 2.6 years, height = 183.0 ± 4.6 cm, weight = 92.9 ± 7.8 kg). Following baseline measures over 2 practices, participants were randomly assigned to either control (CON) or intervention (INT) for 10 additional practices. CON participants were provided water and/or carbohydrate electrolyte beverage to drink ad libitum. INT participants were instructed to consume water and an electrolyte-enhanced carbohydrate electrolyte beverage to match sweat and sodium losses. Urine specific gravity, urine color, and percent body mass change characterized hydration status. Total fluid consumed during practice was assessed.ResultsINT consumed significantly more fluid than CON (1180.8 ± 579.0 ml vs. 788.6 ± 399.7 ml, p = 0.002). However, CON participants replaced only 25.4 ± 12.9% of their fluid needs and INT 35.8 ± 17.5%. Mean percent body mass loss was not significantly different between groups and overall indicated minimal dehydration (<1.2% loss). Pre-practice urine specific gravity indicated CON and INT began hypohydrated (mean = 1.024 ± 0.007 and 1.024 ± 0.006, respectively) and experienced dehydration during practice (post = 1.026 ± 0.006 and 1.027 ± 0.005, respectively, p < 0.001). Urine color increased pre- to post-practice for CON (5 ± 2 to 6 ± 1, p < 0.001) and INT (5 ± 1 to 6 ± 1, p < 0.001).ConclusionsParticipants consistently reported to practice hypohydrated. Ad libitum fluid intake was not significantly different than IFP on hydration status. Based on urine measures, both methods were unsuccessful in preventing dehydration during practice, suggesting practice-only hydration is inadequate to maintain euhydration in this population when beginning hypohydrated.

Post-Exercise Sweat Loss Estimation Accuracy of Athletes and Physically Active Adults: A Review

“…Using education to alter hydration behavior has resulted in equivocal outcomes [27][28][29]. A total of nine runners in O'Neal et al [10] reported previously measuring change in body mass to determine sweat loss volume before study initiation.…”

Personalized Hydration Strategy Improved Fluid Balance and Intermittent Exercise Performance In The Heat

“…Emerson et al prescribed a PHS solution corresponding to ice-hockey players' sweat volume. Players were required to ingest the PHS solution within an hour of practice, finally resulted in a -0.95%BML, whereas drink adlibitum resulted in -1.14%BML [20]. Melo-Marins et al applied a PHS solution offset 80% of sweat loss during a time to exhaustion cycling at 70% of the maximal workload, resulted in a -0.2%BML compared to ad-libitum CON with a (-1.0%BML) [21].…”

“…Participants have to drink 3-4 bottles of commercially available solutions so that to match their sodium needs, which seems untenable to drink that amount of fluid during a short time frame. Two previous studies prescribed a sodium content in the PHS [20,24]. Ayotte et al suggested PHS can provide sodium supplementation in a beverage, especially for those players who engage in prolonged and high intensity exercise to maintain serum sodium concentration [24].…”

“…Ayotte et al suggested PHS can provide sodium supplementation in a beverage, especially for those players who engage in prolonged and high intensity exercise to maintain serum sodium concentration [24]. The sodium content in the PHS of Emerson et al induced a lowering urine sodium concentration and an increasing in potassium from pre-to post-exercise [20]. The present study found the similar results that urine sodium was increased and urine potassium was decreased from pre-to post-exercise across all trials, suggesting participants were in a state of sodium conservation to retain water in the kidney.…”

Estratégias de hidratação durante a prática de exercícios físicos: Ingestão de líquidos planejada e ad libitum

“…Os participantes que concordaram em participar do estudo foram separados em dois grupos, sendo que o primeiro grupo foi orientado a ingerir líquidos apenas quando sentisse sede, enquanto o segundo grupo foi orientado a ingerir Fonte: Ferreira et al 17 . Em um estudo realizado com 8 atletas profissionais de hóquei no gelo, Emerson et al 18 compararam os efeitos da ingestão de fluidos planejada (IFP) com a ingestão de líquidos ad libitum durante a prática esportiva. Os autores analisaram densidade relativa e coloração urinária, concentrações de sódio e potássio urinário, alterações na massa corporal e volume de líquido ingerido.…”