Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Temporal Discrimination

Broadway, James M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025422

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Based on this link between working memory and interval timing [140], the SBF and SBFn models of interval timing can be extended to an oscillatory model of interval timing and working memory (SBFm). The principles derived from these biologically based models also fit well with a family of models that emphasize the importance of time in many working-memory phenomena [141][142][143]. Neural oscillation is an important feature in both interval timing and working memory.…”

Section: Integration Of Interval Timing and Models Of Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 72%

Dedicated Clock/Timing-Circuit Theories of Time Perception and Timed Performance

Rijn

Meck

2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

107

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Scalar Timing Theory (an information-processing version of Scalar Expectancy Theory) and its evolution into the neurobiologically plausible Striatal Beat-Frequency (SBF) theory of interval timing are reviewed. These pacemaker/accumulator or oscillation/coincidence detection models are then integrated with the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture as dedicated timing modules that are able to make use of the memory and decision-making mechanisms contained in ACT-R. The different predictions made by the incorporation of these timing modules into ACT-R are discussed as well as the potential limitations. Novel implementations of the original SBF model that allow it to be incorporated into ACT-R in a more fundamental fashion than the earlier simulations of Scalar Timing Theory are also considered in conjunction with the proposed properties and neural correlates of the "internal clock".

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Section: Integration Of Interval Timing and Models Of Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 72%

Dedicated Clock/Timing-Circuit Theories of Time Perception and Timed Performance

Rijn

Meck

2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

107

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“…Indeed working memory may itself be central in producing an interval, because some form of counter needs to be maintained online during the interval (Brown, 1997; Gu et al, 2015). Individuating items in working memory and interval timing might utilize the same temporal context cues, an idea supported by correlations between memory performance and temporal discrimination performance (Unsworth and Engle, 2005; Broadway and Engle, 2011). Interval timing and working memory might thus be two modes of operation of the same neural system (Gu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Memory for Sequences of Temporal Durations Reveals a Volatile Single-Item Store

Manohar

2016

Front. Psychol.

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When a sequence is held in working memory, different items are retained with differing fidelity. Here we ask whether a sequence of brief time intervals that must be remembered show recency effects, similar to those observed in verbal and visuospatial working memory. It has been suggested that prioritizing some items over others can be accounted for by a “focus of attention,” maintaining some items in a privileged state. We therefore also investigated whether such benefits are vulnerable to disruption by attention or expectation. Participants listened to sequences of one to five tones, of varying durations (200 ms to 2 s). Subsequently, the length of one of the tones in the sequence had to be reproduced by holding a key. The discrepancy between the reproduced and actual durations quantified the fidelity of memory for auditory durations. Recall precision decreased with the number of items that had to be remembered, and was better for the first and last items of sequences, in line with set-size and serial position effects seen in other modalities. To test whether attentional filtering demands might impair performance, an irrelevant variation in pitch was introduced in some blocks of trials. In those blocks, memory precision was worse for sequences that consisted of only one item, i.e., the smallest memory set-size. Thus, when irrelevant information was present, the benefit of having only one item in memory is attenuated. Finally we examined whether expectation could interfere with memory. On half the trials, the number of items in the upcoming sequence was cued. When the number of items was known in advance, performance was paradoxically worse when the sequence consisted of only one item. Thus the benefit of having only one item to remember is stronger when it is unexpectedly the only item. Our results suggest that similar mechanisms are used to hold auditory time durations in working memory, as for visual or verbal stimuli. Further, solitary items were remembered better when more items were expected, but worse when irrelevant features were present. This suggests that the “privileged” state of one item in memory is particularly volatile and susceptible to interference.

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“…45 Participants are presented with two intervals and asked to press a key to indicate which was longer. On half the trials, the longer interval is presented first and the difference between comparison intervals (duration difference) is 250 ms, 500 ms, or 750 ms (randomly determined).…”

Section: Time Discrimination Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Time Perception During Smoking Abstinence

Ashare

Kable

2015

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Nicotine withdrawal leads to impulsive decision-making, which reflects a preference for smaller, immediate rewards and often prompts a relapse to smoking. The mechanism by which nicotine withdrawal leads to impulsive decision-making is not well known. An essential dimension of decision-making is time perception. Impulsive decisions reflect intolerance of temporal delays and the perception that time is passing more slowly. Sex may be an important factor in impulsive decision-making and time perception, but no studies have investigated whether sex moderates the effects of nicotine withdrawal on impulsive decision-making and time perception. Methods: Thirty-three (12 female) adult smokers completed 2 laboratory sessions: following 24-hr abstinence and once smoking-as-usual (order counterbalanced, abstinence biochemically verified). Participants completed 2 time perception tasks, a decision-making task, and self-report measures of craving, withdrawal, and mood. Results: During time reproduction, males overestimated time during abstinence compared to smoking, whereas there was no session effect for females. On the time discrimination task, smokers were less accurate during abstinence, and this effect tended to be stronger among females. In general, males had higher discounting rates compared with females, but there was no effect of abstinence. Conclusions: The current data suggest that the effect of abstinence on time perception may be stronger in males and that males generally exhibit steeper delay discounting rates. Time perception may be an important mechanism in smoking abstinence. Our future work will investigate the role of time perception in smoking relapse and whether this is moderated by sex.

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Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Temporal Discrimination

Cited by 36 publications

References 80 publications

Dedicated Clock/Timing-Circuit Theories of Time Perception and Timed Performance

Dedicated Clock/Timing-Circuit Theories of Time Perception and Timed Performance

Working Memory for Sequences of Temporal Durations Reveals a Volatile Single-Item Store

Sex Differences in Time Perception During Smoking Abstinence

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