Individual differences in the dominance of interhemispheric connections predict cognitive ability beyond sex and brain size

Martínez, Kenia; Janssen, Joost; Pineda-Pardo, José A.; Carmona, Susanna; Román, Francisco J.; Alemán‐Gómez, Yasser; García‐García, David; Escorial, Sergio; Quiroga, Macarena Ángel; Santarnecchi, Emiliano; Navas‐Sánchez, Francisco J.; Desco, Manuel; Arango, Celso; Colom, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.029

Cited by 63 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…[170]20174healthy19.600.00reportedverbalDAT-VR, PMA-V, Reading Span, Letter Memory, Keep Track, Flanker (verbal + numerical), Simple Recognition verbal task400.28Martinez et al . [170]20174healthy20.20100.00reportedverbalDAT-VR, PMA-V, Reading Span, Letter Memory, Keep Track, Flanker (verbal + numerical), Simple Recognition verbal task40−0.04Martinez et al . [170]20174healthy19.600.00reportedspatialDAT-SR, PMA-S, Rotation of Solid Figures, Dot Matrix, 2-Backl task, spatial Simon task, spatial Simple Recognition400.39Martinez et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of differing methods, disputed estimates and discordant interpretations: the meta-analytical multiverse of brain volume and IQ associations

et al. 2022

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Brain size and IQ are positively correlated. However, multiple meta-analyses have led to considerable differences in summary effect estimations, thus failing to provide a plausible effect estimate. Here we aim at resolving this issue by providing the largest meta-analysis and systematic review so far of the brain volume and IQ association (86 studies; 454 effect sizes from k = 194 independent samples; N = 26 000+) in three cognitive ability domains (full-scale, verbal, performance IQ). By means of competing meta-analytical approaches as well as combinatorial and specification curve analyses, we show that most reasonable estimates for the brain size and IQ link yield r -values in the mid-0.20s, with the most extreme specifications yielding r s of 0.10 and 0.37. Summary effects appeared to be somewhat inflated due to selective reporting, and cross-temporally decreasing effect sizes indicated a confounding decline effect, with three quarters of the summary effect estimations according to any reasonable specification not exceeding r = 0.26, thus contrasting effect sizes were observed in some prior related, but individual, meta-analytical specifications. Brain size and IQ associations yielded r = 0.24, with the strongest effects observed for more g -loaded tests and in healthy samples that generalize across participant sex and age bands.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of differing methods, disputed estimates and discordant interpretations: the meta-analytical multiverse of brain volume and IQ associations

et al. 2022

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“…However, evidence for such differences may vary depending on method and measurement criteria (Eliot et al, 2021). Indeed, sex differences in anatomic connectivity (Ingalhalikar et al., 2014) are explained elsewhere as a mere function of the brain size difference (Hänggi et al, 2014; Martinez et al., 2017).…”

Section: Neurobiological Bases Of Sex/gender Difference In Empathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and gender differences in the development of empathy

Rochat

2022

J of Neuroscience Research

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The topic of typical sex and gender difference in empathy is examined in both a developmental and neuroscientific perspective. Empathy is construed as a multi-layered phenomenon with various degrees of complexity unfolding in ontogeny. The different components of empathy (i.e., affective, cognitive, and prosocial motivation) will be discussed as they interact and are expressed behaviorally. Significant sex/gender differences in empathy are discussed in relation to putative bottom-up or top-down processes underlying empathetic responses. The early onset and the pervasive presence of such sex/gender differences throughout the lifespan are further discussed in light of social and neurobiological modeling factors, including early socialization, brain's structural/functional variances, as well as genetics and hormonal factors.

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“…Crystallized intelligence was associated with grey matter volume in the right frontal lobe, with cortical surface area in the frontal lobes of both hemispheres and with cortical thickness in the left parietal lobe. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), Martinez et al (2017) reconstructed the white matter connectomes of 80 healthy individuals. They found the number of interhemispheric connections as well as the ratio between interhemispheric and intrahemispheric connections to be positively correlated with verbal ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neural Architecture of General Knowledge

et al. 2019

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Cognitive performance varies widely between individuals and is highly influenced by structural and functional properties of the brain. In the past, neuroscientific research was principally concerned with fluid intelligence, while neglecting its equally important counterpart crystallized intelligence. Crystallized intelligence is defined as the depth and breadth of knowledge and skills that are valued by one's culture. The accumulation of crystallized intelligence is guided by information storage capacities and is likely to be reflected in an individual's level of general knowledge. In spite of the significant role general knowledge plays for everyday life, its neural foundation largely remains unknown. In a large sample of 324 healthy individuals, we used standard magnetic resonance imaging along with functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging to examine different estimates of brain volume and brain network connectivity and assessed their predictive power with regard to both general knowledge and fluid intelligence. Our results demonstrate that an individual's level of general knowledge is associated with structural brain network connectivity beyond any confounding effects exerted by age or sex. Moreover, we found fluid intelligence to be best predicted by cortex volume in male subjects and functional network connectivity in female subjects. Combined, these findings potentially indicate different neural architectures for information storage and information processing.

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Individual differences in the dominance of interhemispheric connections predict cognitive ability beyond sex and brain size

Cited by 63 publications

References 61 publications

Of differing methods, disputed estimates and discordant interpretations: the meta-analytical multiverse of brain volume and IQ associations

Of differing methods, disputed estimates and discordant interpretations: the meta-analytical multiverse of brain volume and IQ associations

Sex and gender differences in the development of empathy

The Neural Architecture of General Knowledge

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