Individual Differences in Route-Learning Strategy and Associated Working Memory Resources

Baldwin, Carryl L.; Reagan, Ian J.

doi:10.1177/0018720809338187

Cited by 49 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Consistent with previous studies on young adults, these results indicate that WM underpins the processing of spatial stimuli and relates to spatial abilities (Miyake et al, 2001;Salthouse et al, 1989) and positive selfassessments (see Baldwin & Reagan, 2009), rather than to the ability to point in cardinal directions per se. This pattern of findings also suggests that a more efficient WM enables a more flexible allocation of resources to sustain cognitive functioning (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…spatial abilities) and positive subjective attitudes towards environment knowledge and orientation, which in turn enable people to orient themselves in space. This latter result means that having greater resources in basic cognitive mechanisms (such as WM) facilitates a positive self-assessment (as shown by Baldwin & Reagan, 2009;Meneghetti, Pazzaglia, & De Beni, 2011). WM was also negatively associated with a likelihood of dysfunctional spatial attitudes (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Given the well-established relationships between age and WM (e.g. Borella, Ghisletta, & de Ribaupierre, 2011), and between WM and spatial abilities (Miyake et al, 2001), and given some evidence of a relationship between WM and spatial self-assessments (Baldwin & Reagan, 2009), in our Model 1 -based on the SEM approach (see Fig. 2) -we expected age to have a direct link to WM, which in turn may mediate age-related variance in both spatial abilities and spatial self-assessments.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of spatial abilities and self-assessments in cardinal point orientation across the lifespan

Meneghetti

Borella

Pastore

et al. 2014

Learning and Individual Differences

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of spatial abilities and self-assessments in cardinal point orientation across the lifespan

Meneghetti

Borella

Pastore

et al. 2014

Learning and Individual Differences

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“…Other researchers have found important differences in WM strategy across individuals with different WM capacities (e.g., Cokely et al, 2006;Imbo and Vandierendonck, 2007;Bailey et al, 2008;Baldwin and Reagan, 2009;Unsworth and Spillers, 2010). Low WM span individuals are less able to ignore distracters www.frontiersin.org (Unsworth, 2007), rely on context to recall items, and have fewer attentional resources (Conway and Engle, 1996;Kane et al, 2001;Unsworth and Spillers, 2010).…”

Section: Group Differences Modulate Tdcs Effect Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Parietal Contributions to Visual Working Memory Depend on Task Difficulty

Jones¹,

Crane²,

Feenstra³

et al. 2012

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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The nature of parietal contributions to working memory (WM) remain poorly understood but of considerable interest. We previously reported that posterior parietal damage selectively impaired WM probed by recognition (Berryhill and Olson, 2008a). Recent studies provided support using a neuromodulatory technique, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the right parietal cortex (P4). These studies confirmed parietal involvement in WM because parietal tDCS altered WM performance: anodal current tDCS improved performance in a change detection task, and cathodal current tDCS impaired performance on a sequential presentation task. Here, we tested whether these complementary results were due to different degrees of parietal involvement as a function of WM task demands, WM task difficulty, and/or participants' WM capacity. In Experiment 1, we applied cathodal and anodal tDCS to the right parietal cortex and tested participants on both previously used WM tasks. We observed an interaction between tDCS (anodal, cathodal), WM task difficulty, and participants' WM capacity. When the WM task was difficult, parietal stimulation (anodal or cathodal) improved WM performance selectively in participants with high WM capacity. In the low WM capacity group, parietal stimulation (anodal or cathodal) impaired WM performance. These nearly equal and opposite effects were only observed when the WM task was challenging, as in the change detection task. Experiment 2 probed the interplay of WM task difficulty and WM capacity in a parametric manner by varying set size in the WM change detection task. Here, the effect of parietal stimulation (anodal or cathodal) on the high WM capacity group followed a linear function as WM task difficulty increased with set size. The low WM capacity participants were largely unaffected by tDCS. These findings provide evidence that parietal involvement in WM performance depends on both WM capacity and WM task demands. We discuss these findings in terms of alternative WM strategies employed by low and high WM capacity individuals. We speculate that low WM capacity individuals do not recruit the posterior parietal lobe for WM tasks as efficiently as high WM capacity individuals. Consequently, tDCS provides greater benefit to individuals with high WM capacity.

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“…Another recent study, Chen (2010), found individuals with better spatial ability performed significantly better in atarget search task under the night conditions than those with a low sense of direction. Baldwin and Reagan (2009) note that "individuals with poor sense of direction relied more heavily on verbal rather than visuospatial working memory resources, and, conversely, individuals with good sense of direction exhibited more route-learning disruption from a tapping task, suggesting a greater reliance on visuospatial working memory resources." Hegarty & Waller (2004), found most of the current spatial tests cannot examine either object rotation ability or perspective-taking ability purely and the variance in strategies could affect the performance directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Spatial Ability on Multi-robot Control Tasks

Chien¹,

Wang²,

Lewis³

2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Working with large teams of robots is a very complex and demanding task for any operator and individual differences in spatial ability could significantly affect that performance. In the present study, we examine data from two earlier experiments to investigate the effects of ability for perspective-taking on performance at an urban search and rescue (USAR) task using a realistic simulation and alternate displays. We evaluated the participants' spatial ability using a standard measure of spatial orientation and examined the divergence of performance in accuracy and speed in locating victims, and perceived workload. Our findings show operators with higher spatial ability experienced less workload and marked victims more precisely. An interaction was found for the experimental image queue display for which participants with low spatial ability improved significantly in their accuracy in marking victims over the traditional streaming video display.

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Individual Differences in Route-Learning Strategy and Associated Working Memory Resources

Abstract: Assessing SOD and associated WM resources have implications for targeted training for navigation in VEs and for the design of in-vehicle navigation systems.

Cited by 49 publications

References 48 publications

The role of spatial abilities and self-assessments in cardinal point orientation across the lifespan

The role of spatial abilities and self-assessments in cardinal point orientation across the lifespan

Parietal Contributions to Visual Working Memory Depend on Task Difficulty

Effects of Spatial Ability on Multi-robot Control Tasks

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