Individual differences in relatedness and individuality: An exploration of two constructs

Influences of self-construals and personality styles on international students' depressive symptoms.

“…Evidence on how individuals' self-construals influence the development of depressive symptoms was found through some studies (Mak, Law, & Teng, 2011;Okazaki, 1997;Sato & McCann, 1998;Su, Lee, & Oishi, 2013). Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with independent self-construal, with correlations ranging from r = -.18 (Su et al, 2013) to r = -.44 (Mak et al, 2011).…”

“…In the past decades, cross-cultural research focused on how individuals define themselves across cultures through Markus and Kitayama's (1991) two dimensions of self-construals (Mak et al, 2011;Okazaki, 1997;Sato & McCann, 1998;Singelis, 1994;Su et al, 2013). Some scholars did not agree with the approach of capturing selfrepresentations through only independence and interdependence; using self-other distinction to shape self-view seems somewhat limited (Brewer & Gardner, 1996;Cross, Bacon, & Morris, 2000;Kashima, Yamaguchi, Kim, Choi, Gelfand, & Yuki, 1995;Levine et al, 2003).…”

“…Multiple studies found a significant interaction between the sociotropic personality style and negative social events to trigger depressive symptoms (Hammen et al, 1989;Mongrain & Blackburn, 2005;Nietzel & Harris, 1990;Robins & Block, 1988). Positive relationships were also found between sociotropy and depressive symptoms (Alford & Gerrity, 1995;Bagby et al, 2001;Bieling & Alden, 2001;Mazure, Raghavan, Maciejewski, Jacobs, & Bruce, 2001;Nelson, Hammen, Daley, Burge, & Davila, 2001;Sato & McCann, 1998;Sutton et al, 2011). Further, in a sample of graduate students who reported at least one depressive episode, Mongrain and Blackburn (2005) found that sociotropy is significantly and positively associated with previous depressive episodes (r = .35).…”

“…Research showed an overlap of the concepts of sociotropy and interdependent selfconstrual (Gorski & Young, 2002;Sato & McCann, 1998). However, the notions represented by autonomy and independent self-construal are not as similar; Sato and McCann (1998) suggested that autonomy reflects a mode of functioning that may cause individuals to develop depressive symptoms while independent self-construal is an adaptive mode of functioning influenced by societal context.…”

“…However, the notions represented by autonomy and independent self-construal are not as similar; Sato and McCann (1998) suggested that autonomy reflects a mode of functioning that may cause individuals to develop depressive symptoms while independent self-construal is an adaptive mode of functioning influenced by societal context. There is no clear pattern between autonomy and independent self-construal as tested in previous studies (Gorski & Young, 2002;Sato & McCann, 1998).…”