Individual Differences in Episodic Memory: The Role of Self-initiated Encoding Strategies

Kirchhoff, Brenda A.

doi:10.1177/1073858408329507

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Indeed, there was some evidence that those inaccurate at year estimates were also inaccurate at total-games estimates. Individuals' abilities to form and retrieve episodic memories vary widely (Kirchhoff, 2009;Malmberg, 2007), and accuracy may be affected by depth of processing and emotional context during encoding, as well as by such factors as field independence (Corson, Verrier, & Bucic, 2009). Other explanations are that some participants may have misunderstood the questions or made incorrect inferences.…”

Section: Implications Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the accuracy of the retrospective recall method used in expertise research

Howard

2011

Behav Res

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Expertise typically develops slowly over years, and controlled experiments to study its development may be impractical. Researchers often use a correlational, retrospective recall method in which participants recall career data, sometimes over many years before. However, recall accuracy is uncertain. The present study investigated the accuracy of recalled career data for up to 38 years, in over 600 international chess players. Participants' estimates of their entry year into international chess, total career games played, and number of games in a typical year were compared with the known true values. Entry year typically was recalled fairly accurately, and accuracy did not diminish systematically with time since list entry from 10 years earlier to 25 or more years earlier. On average, games-count estimates were reasonably accurate. However, some participants were very inaccurate, and some were more inaccurate in their total-games counts and entry-year estimates. The retrospective recall method yields usable data but may have some accuracy problems. Possible remedies are outlined.

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Section: Implications Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the accuracy of the retrospective recall method used in expertise research

Howard

2011

Behav Res

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“…Simple RT tasks present relatively little opportunity for exploration of strategies. In contrast, working memory (e.g., Shing et al, 2012) and episodic memory (e.g., Kirchhoff, 2009) tasks provide ample room for within-subject differences in strategies, which may contribute to performance variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does variability in cognitive performance correlate with frontal brain volume?

et al. 2013

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Little is known about the neural correlates of within-person variability in cognitive performance. We investigated associations between regional brain volumes and trial-to-trial, block-to-block, and day-to-day variability in choice-reaction time, and episodic and working memory accuracy. Healthy younger (n = 25) and older (n = 18) adults underwent 101 daily assessments of cognitive performance, and their regional brain volumes were measured manually on magnetic resonance images. Results showed that smaller prefrontal white matter volumes were associated with higher block-to-block variability in choice-reaction time performance, with a stronger association observed among older adults. Smaller volumes of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex covaried with higher block-to-block variability in episodic memory (number-word pair) performance. This association was stronger for younger adults. The observed associations between variability and brain volume were not due to individual differences in mean performance. Trial-to-trial and day-to-day variability in cognitive performance were unrelated to regional brain volume. We thus report novel findings demonstrating that block-by-block variability in cognitive performance is associated with integrity of the prefrontal regions and that between-person differences in different measures of variability of cognitive performance reflect different age-related constellations of behavioral and neural antecedents.

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“…Episodic memory is a human ability that varies substantially within and between individuals depending on a variety of factors, including the type of material being learned and the conditions under which learning and retrieval are performed (Hultsch et al, 1990; Kirchhoff, 2009). One general class of factors influencing episodic memory performance is genetics, but there has been relatively little investigation of the brain mechanisms of individual differences in episodic memory (Egan et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic interhemispheric hippocampal functional connectivity predicts individual differences in memory performance ability

et al. 2010

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When given challenging episodic memory tasks, young adults demonstrate notable individual differences in performance. Recent evidence suggests that individual differences in human behavior may be related to the strength of functional connectivity of large-scale functional networks as measured by spontaneous fluctuations in regional brain activity during quiet wakefulness (the "resting state"), in the absence of task performance. In this study, we sought to determine whether individual differences in memory performance could be predicted by the interhemispheric functional connectivity of the two hippocampi, hypothesized to reflect the intrinsic connectivity within the large-scale medial temporal lobe memory system. Results demonstrated that interhemispheric hippocampal functional connectivity during quiet wakefulness was predictive of the capacity to freely recall recently learned information (r = 0.47, p < 0.05). In contrast, functional connectivity of bilateral motor cortices had no relationship to free recall, supporting the specificity of the hippocampal data. Thus, individual differences in the capacity to perform episodic memory tasks, which may be persistent behavioral traits or transient states, may be at least partly subserved by individual differences in the functional connectivity of large-scale functional-anatomic memory networks.

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Individual Differences in Episodic Memory: The Role of Self-initiated Encoding Strategies

Cited by 43 publications

References 96 publications

Testing the accuracy of the retrospective recall method used in expertise research

Testing the accuracy of the retrospective recall method used in expertise research

Does variability in cognitive performance correlate with frontal brain volume?

Intrinsic interhemispheric hippocampal functional connectivity predicts individual differences in memory performance ability

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