Individual behavioural differences in pigs: intra-and inter-test consistency

Spoolder, Hans; Burbidge, J.A.; Lawrence, Alistair B.; Simmins, P.H.; Edwards, Sandra A.

doi:10.1016/0168-1591(96)01033-7

Cited by 84 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Some consistency in behaviour was shown between individual and stable group human interaction tests. This is similar to previous studies, where correlations were found between tests with similar stimuli (Janczak et al, 2003b;Lawrence et al, 1991;Spoolder et al, 1996). By contrast, a study of finisher pigs found consistency in response to different test types as well as over time (Brown et al, 2009) and prepubertal gilts showed a general reaction pattern across different non-social situations (Thodberg et al, 1999).…”

Section: Behavioural Testssupporting

confidence: 76%

Behaviour of pre-pubertal gilts and its relationship to farrowing behaviour in conventional farrowing crates and loose-housed pens

Ison

Wood

Baxter

2015

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Section: Behavioural Testssupporting

confidence: 76%

Behaviour of pre-pubertal gilts and its relationship to farrowing behaviour in conventional farrowing crates and loose-housed pens

Ison

Wood

Baxter

2015

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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“…It should explain various results on the consistency over time. Vocalizations and object investigation appeared repeatable when measured in gilts over few days during a 2-week period [73], whereas Jensen et al [67] found no correlation in object investigation between repeated measures in piglets tested with 2 days between trials. When tests were carried out over a longer period (8 weeks-24 weeks) some consistency have been reported in duration and frequency of the object investigation (rs = 0.44 and rs = 0.53 respectively; [78]).…”

Section: Repeatabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have used very different time intervals, from few days [73] to 12 weeks [68]. It should explain various results on the consistency over time.…”

Section: Repeatabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses

Forkman¹,

Boissy

Meunier-Salaün

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

741

626

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FORKMAN, B., A., BOISSY, M.-C., SALAÜN, E., CANALI, AND R.B., JONES. A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 000-000, 2007. Fear is arguably the most commonly investigated emotion in domestic animals. In the current review we attempt to establish the level of repeatability and validity found for fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry and horses. We focus the review on the three most common types of fear tests: the arena test (open field), the novel object test, and the restraint test. For some tests, e.g. tonic immobility in poultry, there is a good and broad literature on factors that affect the outcome of the test, the validity of the test and its age dependency. However, there are comparatively few of these well defined and validated tests and what is especially missing for most tests is information on the robustness, i.e., what aspects can be changed without affecting the validity of the tests. The relative absence of standardized tests hampers the development of applied ethology as a science.

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“…COT has been investigated with regard to individual differences in behaviour (reviewed in Bell et al, 2009), for example, for 'behavioural traits' (Spoolder et al, 1996;KraljFišer et al, 2007), but studies on consistency of both animaland resource-based (on-farm) measures of animal welfare are generally rare (Sundrum and Rubelowski, 2001). In dairy cattle, Winckler et al (2007) investigated the correlation of selected animal-related welfare parameters between consecutive farm visits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-farm animal welfare assessment in beef bulls: consistency over time of single measures and aggregated Welfare Quality® scores

Kirchner

Westerath

Knierim

et al. 2014

Animal

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Consistency over time of (on-farm) animal welfare assessment systems forms part of reliability, meaning that results of the assessment should be representative of the longer-term welfare state of the farm as long as the housing and management conditions have not changed considerably. This is especially important if assessments are to be used for certification purposes. It was the aim of the present study to investigate consistency over time of the Welfare Quality ® (WQ ® ) assessment system for fattening cattle at single measure level, aggregated criterion and principle scores, and overall classification across short-term (1 month) and longer-term periods (6 months). We hypothesized that consistency over time of aggregated criterion and principle scores is higher than that of single measures. Consistency was also expected to be lower with longer intervals between assessments. Data were obtained using the WQ ® protocol for fattening cattle during three visits (months 0, 1 and 7) on 63 beef farms in Austria, Germany and Italy. Only data from farms where no major changes in housing and management had taken place were considered for analysis. At the single measure level, Spearman rank correlations between visits were >0.7 and variance was lower within farms than between farms for six and two of 19 measures after 1 month and 6 months, respectively. After aggregation of single measures into criterion and principle scores, five and two of 10 criteria and three and one of four principles were found reliable after 1 and 6 months, respectively. At the WQ ® principle level, this was the case for three and one of four principles. Seventy-nine per cent and 75% of the farms were allocated to the same overall welfare category after 1 month and 6 months. Possible reasons for a lack of consistency are seasonal effects or short-term fluctuations that occur under normal farm conditions, low prevalence of clinical measures and probably insufficient sample size, whereas poor inter-observer agreement leading to inflation of correlation can be ruled out. At the criterion and principle level, aggregation of information into scores appears to partly smoothen undirected variation at the single measure level without losing sensitivity in terms of welfare evaluation. Reliable on-farm animal welfare assessments should therefore be based on repeated assessments. Further long-term studies are recommended to better understand the factors influencing consistency over time.

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Individual behavioural differences in pigs: intra-and inter-test consistency

Cited by 84 publications

References 15 publications

Behaviour of pre-pubertal gilts and its relationship to farrowing behaviour in conventional farrowing crates and loose-housed pens

Behaviour of pre-pubertal gilts and its relationship to farrowing behaviour in conventional farrowing crates and loose-housed pens

A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses

On-farm animal welfare assessment in beef bulls: consistency over time of single measures and aggregated Welfare Quality® scores

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