Individual- and neighborhood-level contextual factors are associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission: genotypic clustering of cases in Michigan, 2004–2012

Noppert, Grace A.; Yang, Zhenhua; Clarke, Philippa; Ye, Wen; Davidson, Peter; Wilson, Mark L.

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.05.009

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The analysis showed that the highest incidence of tuberculosis was in patients 31-45 years old, which constituted the most active segment of society [24], consistent with previous studies that identified middle age as associate factor for TB [25][26]. These results can aid in the design of high-priority control efforts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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The First exploratory spatial distribution analysis of tuberculosis and associated factors in Tonala, Mexico

Escobar‐Gutiérrez

Martínez-Guarneros²,

Mora-Aguilera

et al. 2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The US-Mexico region is at high risk of elevated tuberculosis (TB) incidence due to mobility and migration. Knowledge of how socio-demographic factors varies geographically, provides clues to understanding the determinants of tuberculosis and may provide guidance for regional prevention and control strategies to improve public health in Mexico. The aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiologic characteristics and spatial patterns of the incidence of tuberculosis in Tonala, Jalisco (Mexico) from 2013-2015. Methodology: The Surveillance System Database from the Health Department, complemented by information from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, was used to obtain data for a spatial-temporal analysis of TB cases. For the geographical analysis map creation and geoinformation storing, ArcGIS software was used. Results: This study sought to characterize problem areas and jurisdictional locations of TB via a spatial approach based on analyses of case distributions and individual patient variables. The study found that tuberculosis cases were dispersed throughout Tonala County and were mainly concentrated on the Guadalajara city border. The TB cases were mainly individuals between 31 and 45 years old. Most of the cases reported during the observation period were male patients, and most cases primarily had lung involvement; however, there were quite a few cases with lymph node and intestinal disease. Conclusion: Our findings show that TB cases are essentially located in areas close to the city of Guadalajara and that most TB cases were pulmonary cases spread throughout the whole jurisdiction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…systems because persons afflicted with TB often do not seek care, remain undiagnosed or are diagnosed by private providers that do not report TB cases to local or national authorities when they do seek care [24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First exploratory spatial distribution analysis of tuberculosis and associated factors in Tonala, Mexico

Escobar‐Gutiérrez

Martínez-Guarneros²,

Mora-Aguilera

et al. 2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Several studies in low-incidence settings which examined whether HIV was a risk factor for being part of a strain type cluster found no association [ 11 – 13 ], including one meta-analysis [ 14 ], but other more recent studies have reported both positive [ 15 ] and negative [ 16 , 17 ] associations. Weak evidence from studies in low-burden settings (with few HIV-positive TB cases) suggests that HIV positivity among the first cases of a cluster may be associated with increased numbers of secondary cases in clusters (possibly because contacts of HIV-infected TB patients may be more likely to have HIV themselves, and therefore may be more susceptible to TB infection) and that patients with TB arising from recent infection are more likely to be HIV-positive than patients whose TB derives from reactivation of LTBI [ 18 – 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of HIV infection on tuberculosis transmission in a country with low tuberculosis incidence: a national retrospective study using molecular epidemiology

Winter

Smith

Davidson

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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Background HIV is known to increase the likelihood of reactivation of latent tuberculosis to active TB disease; however, its impact on tuberculosis infectiousness and consequent transmission is unclear, particularly in low-incidence settings. Methods National surveillance data from England, Wales and Northern Ireland on tuberculosis cases in adults from 2010 to 2014, strain typed using 24-locus mycobacterial-interspersed-repetitive-units–variable-number-tandem-repeats was used retrospectively to identify clusters of tuberculosis cases, subdivided into ‘first’ and ‘subsequent’ cases. Firstly, we used zero-inflated Poisson regression models to examine the association between HIV status and the number of subsequent clustered cases (a surrogate for tuberculosis infectiousness) in a strain type cluster. Secondly, we used logistic regression to examine the association between HIV status and the likelihood of being a subsequent case in a cluster (a surrogate for recent acquisition of tuberculosis infection) compared to the first case or a non-clustered case (a surrogate for reactivation of latent infection). Results We included 18,864 strain-typed cases, 2238 were the first cases of clusters and 8471 were subsequent cases. Seven hundred and fifty-nine (4%) were HIV-positive. Outcome 1: HIV-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases who were the first in a cluster had fewer subsequent cases associated with them (mean 0.6, multivariable incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.75 [0.65–0.86]) than those HIV-negative (mean 1.1). Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases with HIV were less likely to be the first case in a cluster compared to HIV-negative EPTB cases. EPTB cases who were the first case had a higher mean number of subsequent cases (mean 2.5, IRR (3.62 [3.12–4.19]) than those HIV-negative (mean 0.6). Outcome 2: tuberculosis cases with HIV co-infection were less likely to be a subsequent case in a cluster (odds ratio 0.82 [0.69–0.98]), compared to being the first or a non-clustered case. Conclusions Outcome 1: pulmonary tuberculosis-HIV patients were less infectious than those without HIV. EPTB patients with HIV who were the first case in a cluster had a higher number of subsequent cases and thus may be markers of other undetected cases, discoverable by contact investigations. Outcome 2: tuberculosis in HIV-positive individuals was more likely due to reactivation than recent infection, compared to those who were HIV-negative.

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“…Recent studies report associations between low SES and the overall prevalence of TB disease [5], LTBI alone [13], and of recent TB infection [14, 15]. This work has been extended to include the risk of development of multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB [16].…”

Section: Current Studies Examining Social Factors and Tb In The Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, when examining the role of nativity status in shaping the distribution of TB, it is necessary to classify cases as resulting from reactivation of LTBI separately from those resulting from recent transmission of MTB, though the tools for such classification are inherently limited. For example, a recent study in Michigan estimated that more than half of TB cases among US-born individuals resulted from recent transmission compared to 22% of foreign-born cases [14].…”

Section: Current Studies Examining Social Factors and Tb In The Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Social Disparities in TB Infection and Disease in the USA: a Review

Noppert¹,

Malosh

Morán

et al. 2018

Curr Epidemiol Rep

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Purpose of Review Socioeconomic status (SES) has long been understood to be a key determinant of the distribution of tuberculosis (TB), and the role of social factors has long been a truism of TB epidemiology. We review studies that have examined the social determinants of TB in the USA in the past 20 years. We pay particular attention to how the findings of these studies fit within the framework of fundamental cause theory and argue that a more explicit linkage with fundamental cause theory is critical for understanding the current state of TB health disparities in the USA and for charting a way towards TB elimination in the USA. Recent Findings and Summary Our review finds that while in the past 20 years there have been studies that have documented the ongoing association between social factors and TB disease in the USA, few studies explore the precise mechanisms through which social factors continue to influence TB patterns. We advocate for a move towards a system-based approach both in theory development and analyses, allowing for the incorporation of more complex social dynamics to address long-standing disparities in TB disease.

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Individual- and neighborhood-level contextual factors are associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission: genotypic clustering of cases in Michigan, 2004–2012

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

The First exploratory spatial distribution analysis of tuberculosis and associated factors in Tonala, Mexico

The First exploratory spatial distribution analysis of tuberculosis and associated factors in Tonala, Mexico

The impact of HIV infection on tuberculosis transmission in a country with low tuberculosis incidence: a national retrospective study using molecular epidemiology

Contemporary Social Disparities in TB Infection and Disease in the USA: a Review

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