The First exploratory spatial distribution analysis of tuberculosis and associated factors in Tonala, Mexico

Abstract

Introduction: The US-Mexico region is at high risk of elevated tuberculosis (TB) incidence due to mobility and migration. Knowledge of how socio-demographic factors varies geographically, provides clues to understanding the determinants of tuberculosis and may provide guidance for regional prevention and control strategies to improve public health in Mexico. The aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiologic characteristics and spatial patterns of the incidence of tuberculosis in Tonala, Jalisco (Mexico) from 2013-2015.
 Methodology: The Surveillance System Database from the Health Department, complemented by information from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, was used to obtain data for a spatial-temporal analysis of TB cases. For the geographical analysis map creation and geoinformation storing, ArcGIS software was used.
 Results: This study sought to characterize problem areas and jurisdictional locations of TB via a spatial approach based on analyses of case distributions and individual patient variables. The study found that tuberculosis cases were dispersed throughout Tonala County and were mainly concentrated on the Guadalajara city border. The TB cases were mainly individuals between 31 and 45 years old. Most of the cases reported during the observation period were male patients, and most cases primarily had lung involvement; however, there were quite a few cases with lymph node and intestinal disease.
 Conclusion: Our findings show that TB cases are essentially located in areas close to the city of Guadalajara and that most TB cases were pulmonary cases spread throughout the whole jurisdiction.

Genomic epidemiology analysis of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis distributed in Mexico

“…In 2019, Mexico reported an estimated of 29,000 cases of TB, with 3.3% of them classified as drug-resistant infections [30]. While previous studies have investigated the geographic distribution of TB cases in the country [13,[31][32][33][34][35], there is little information prevalent lineages and drug resistance patterns. Given the detection of latent TB in migrants traveling through different routes in Mexico, understanding the distribution of TB cases is critical [36].…”

Genomics epidemiology analysis reveals hidden signatures of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

“…TB incidence in Mexico was estimated at 29,000 cases in 2018, of which 3.3% were reported as drug-resistant (39). The geographic distribution of TB cases in Mexico has been reported previously (40–45), but none of these studies provided genomic information about lineage and drug-resistance patterns of the isolates. Here, we presented a genotypic characterization of 53 newly sequenced clinical strains of Mtb from 17 representative states of Mexico.…”