Individual and group IQ predict inmate violence

Diamond, Brie; Morris, Robert G.; Barnes, J. C.

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2012.01.010

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This raises the probability of engaging in antisocial behavior (Levine, 2011). All of these factors explain the negative correlations found between IQ and crime rates across individuals (e.g., Beaver et al, 2013;Diamond, Morris, & Barnes, 2012;Levine, 2011;McDaniel, 2006), states (e.g., Bartels, Ryan, Urban, & Glass, 2010;Kura, 2013;McDaniel, 2006;Pesta, McDaniel, & Bertsch, 2010;Templer & Rushton, 2011), and countries (Beaver & Wright, 2011;Rushton & Templer, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimes and the Bell curve: The role of people with high, average, and low intelligence

Burhan¹,

Kurniawan²,

Sidek³

et al. 2014

Intelligence

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The present study examines whether crime rates can be reduced by increasing the IQ of people with high, average, and low IQ. Previous studies have shown that as a determinant of the national level of income per capita growth and technological achievement, the IQ of the intellectual class (those at the 95 th percentile of the Bell curve distribution of population intelligence) is more important than the IQ of those with average ability at the 50 th percentile.Extending these findings, our study incorporates the non-intellectual class (IQ at the 5 th percentile) to examine the role of IQ classes in determining crime rates across countries. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses with IQ, seven types of crimes, and nine control variables: urbanization, alcohol consumption, unemployment rate, young to old population ratio, income inequality, education attainment, drug consumption, police rate, and income per capita. Regardless of types of crimes, we found evidence that raising IQ will lessen crime rates, with raises in the 95 th percentile group having the most number of significant impacts, followed by the 50 th and then the 5 th percentile groups. Furthermore, none of the nine control factors was stronger than the 95 th percentile group in predicting crime rates. We conclude that the intellectual class influences rates of more types of crime than the non-intellectual class does. The intellectual class has the highest authority in 2 determining law enforcement and development policies. Therefore, increasing the IQ of politicians and leaders from this class than other social classes will have a more significant influence in reducing crime rates, through enhanced functionality and quality of institutions across countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimes and the Bell curve: The role of people with high, average, and low intelligence

Burhan¹,

Kurniawan²,

Sidek³

et al. 2014

Intelligence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to studies examining the association between intelligence and criminal behaviors, a related body of literature has documented negative associations between intelligence and contact with the criminal justice system (Beaver et al, 2013;Diamond, Morris, & Barnes, 2012;Fergusson, Horwood, & Ridder, 2005;Hirschi & Hindelang, 1977;Loeber et al, 2012;Yun & Lee, 2013). These patterns have also been replicated at higher levels of aggregation, such as neighborhoods (Beaver & Wright, 2011), states (Bartels, Ryan, Urban, & Glass, 2010;McDaniel, 2006), and even nations (Rushton & Templer, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, most studies have examined criminal offending using vague or overly general measures of criminal behavior. For example, a substantial number of studies have relied on a single comprehensive measure of crime or delinquency without considering more specific types of offending (e.g., Diamond et al, 2012). This approach may limit the conclusions that can be drawn from the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligence and criminal behavior in a total birth cohort: An examination of functional form, dimensions of intelligence, and the nature of offending

Schwartz

Savolainen²,

Aaltonen

et al. 2015

Intelligence

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“…This may seem strange, given the assumption that lower intelligence is associated with less power. Nevertheless, this result makes senses given the empirically supported (Diamond et al, 2012) intuition that unintelligent people are more inclined to crime and violence. Although unintelligent people have less social power and lower social status, they could have power from physical dominance-especially if they breach social codes.…”

Section: Quadratic Response To Intelligencementioning

confidence: 83%

Approach or avoidance: Neural correlates of intelligence evaluation from faces

Akimoto

Yamazaki

Sugiura

et al. 2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Intelligence is among the key determinants of power and social status in modern societies. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined the neural correlates of intelligence evaluation from faces. Participants underwent scans while they evaluated the perceived intelligence and friendliness of faces. We found that medial orbitofrontal cortex activity increased linearly with friendliness ratings. The relationship between perceived intelligence and brain activity was positively linear in the right caudate nucleus and U-shaped (i.e., strong responses to unintelligent-looking or intelligent-looking faces) in the right anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus. Perceived intelligence was also significantly positively correlated with both friendliness and attractiveness. Furthermore, intelligence rating scores had a positive linear effect on reaction times in the friendliness rating task, suggesting that participants had greater conflicts when making friendliness judgments for faces that appeared to belong to intelligent individuals. In addition, the degree of this effect predicted individual differences in the positive linear modulatory effect of intelligence scores in the right caudate nucleus. Our interpretation was that the activity in the caudate nucleus revealed an approach-avoidance conflict with regard to highly intelligent people, that is, they were perceived as attractive but also potentially threatening. Although our interpretations are merely suggestive because we did not measure the approach-avoidance behaviors directly, our findings have important implications for understanding the dynamics of human interaction in modern societies that increasingly allocate power and status based on intelligence.

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Individual and group IQ predict inmate violence

Cited by 50 publications

References 58 publications

Crimes and the Bell curve: The role of people with high, average, and low intelligence

Crimes and the Bell curve: The role of people with high, average, and low intelligence

Intelligence and criminal behavior in a total birth cohort: An examination of functional form, dimensions of intelligence, and the nature of offending

Approach or avoidance: Neural correlates of intelligence evaluation from faces

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