Indirect Measurement of Sexual Orientation: Comparison of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, Viewing Time, and Choice Reaction Time Tasks

Rönspies, Jelena; Schmidt, Alexander F.; Мельникова, А А; Krumova, Rosina; Zolfagari, Asadeh; Banse, Rainer

doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0473-1

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…VT measures can be categorized as task-relevant indirect measures 1 due to the fact that the primary task is based on evaluating sexual features. There is preliminary evidence that the primary sexual focus increases group discrimination of task-relevant over task-irrelevant latency-based measures of sexual interest (Rönspies et al, 2015) because the structural overlap between predictor and criterion is maximized (Perugini, Richetin, & Zogmaister, 2010).…”

Section: Psychological Processes Underlying Viewing Time Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing VTs for stimuli of men and women (Zamansky, 1956), Rosenzweig's measure of sexual interest has been adapted into a frequently used, robust latency-based measure of adult sexual orientation (e.g., Ebsworth & Lalumière, 2012;Imhoff et al, 2010;Israel & Strassberg, 2009;Lippa, 2012;Quinsey, Ketsetzis, Earls, & Karamanouikan, 1996;Rönspies et al, 2015). However, not until the end of the 20 th century were VT measures validated as a measure of pedophilic sexual interest (Abel, Lawry, Karlstrom, Osborn, & Gillespie, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Meta-Analysis of Viewing Time Measures of Sexual Interest in Children

2016

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Section: Psychological Processes Underlying Viewing Time Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of Viewing Time Measures of Sexual Interest in Children

2016

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“…In accordance with the majority of previous research, three pairs of test block pairs were completed (e.g., Rönspies et al, 2015). The latency feedback message was set to "!".…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life is Good, But Death Ain’t Bad Either: Counter-Intuitive Implicit Biases to Death in a Normative Population

2015

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The current study explored implicit attitudes to life and death in a student population using both the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP).The IAT was similar to one used in previously published researched in the context of the prospective prediction of suicide and self-harm. Two IRAPs were employed, one that assessed relational responses specific to death and life with respect to self, and a second that assessed relational responses specific to evaluations of death and life. The IAT replicated previous results found in normative populations. The IRAPs indicated "prolife" biases, as expected. However, they also failed to demonstrate the presence of strong "antideath" biases, and in one case a specific "death-positive" bias was found. The results observed on the explicit measures did not readily explain the absent or "prodeath" effects observed on the IRAPs. Indeed, participants reported a normative level of anxiety and fear of death. Implications for the study of implicit attitudes to death using the IRAP are considered.

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“…The IRAP has now been employed in a wide range of contexts, including the assessment of such relational responding in domains of both clinical (see Vahey, Nicholson, & Barnes-Holmes, 2015 for meta-analysis) and social relevance (e.g., Drake et al, 2015;Rönspies et al, 2015), as well as within basic science contexts (e.g., Bortoloti & de Rose, 2012;Hughes, 2012;). …”

Section: Irap Is Non-relative But Not A-contextualmentioning

confidence: 99%

The IRAP Is Nonrelative but not Acontextual: Changes to the Contrast Category Influence Men’s Dehumanization of Women

et al. 2016

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The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) is frequently employed over other measures of so-called implicit attitudes because it produces four independent and "non-relative" bias scores, thereby providing greater clarity around what drives an effect. Indeed, studies have sometimes emphasized the procedural separation of the four trial-types by choosing to report only the results of a single, theoretically meaningful trial-type. However, no research to date has examined the degree to which performance on a given trial-type is impacted upon by other stimulus categories employed within the task. The current study examined the extent to which response biases toward "women" are influenced by two different contrast categories: "men" versus "inanimate objects". Results indicated that greater dehumanization of women was observed in the context of the latter relative to the former category. The findings highlight that the IRAP may be described as a non-relative, but not a-contextual, measure of brief and immediate relational responses.Keywords: Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, Relational Frame Theory, dehumanization of women IRAP IS NON-RELATIVE BUT NOT A-CONTEXTUAL 3The IRAP is non-relative but not a-contextual: Changes to the contrast category influence men's dehumanization of women The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) was created as a way to assess natural verbal relations "on the fly" (Barnes-Holmes, Barnes-Holmes, Stewart, & Boles, 2010).More specifically, the IRAP was designed to capture arbitrarily applicable relational responding, which is posited by Relational Frame Theory (RFT) to account for complex human behavior such as language and higher cognition (see Hayes, Barnes-Holmes, & Roche, 2001; Hughes & Barnes-Holmes, 2016 for detailed treatments). The IRAP has now been employed in a wide range of contexts, including the assessment of such relational responding in domains of both clinical (see Vahey, Nicholson, & Barnes-Holmes, 2015 for meta-analysis) and social relevance (e.g., Drake et al., 2015;Rönspies et al., 2015), as well as within basic science contexts (e.g., Bortoloti & de Rose, 2012;Hughes, 2012;).Due to some procedural similarities with other measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT: Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998), the IRAP is frequently referred to or employed as a measure of so-called "implicit attitudes" (e.g., Hussey & Barnes-Holmes, 2012), a term that was borrowed from cognitive psychology and refers to "automatic" behaviors that are emitted outside of awareness or intentionality, under low volitional control and/or with high cognitive efficiency (see De Houwer & Moors, 2010). However, more recent work has emphasized that such references to the IRAP as a measure of implicit attitudes were heuristic in nature, and has attempted to clarify the relationship between the cognitive and functionalanalytic approaches to such behavioral phenomena (Hughes, Barnes-Holmes, & De Houwer, 2011;Hughes, Barnes-Holmes, & Vahey, 2012; see Barnes-Holmes & Hu...

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Indirect Measurement of Sexual Orientation: Comparison of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, Viewing Time, and Choice Reaction Time Tasks

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

A Meta-Analysis of Viewing Time Measures of Sexual Interest in Children

A Meta-Analysis of Viewing Time Measures of Sexual Interest in Children

Life is Good, But Death Ain’t Bad Either: Counter-Intuitive Implicit Biases to Death in a Normative Population

The IRAP Is Nonrelative but not Acontextual: Changes to the Contrast Category Influence Men’s Dehumanization of Women

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