Indirect Determination of Sulfadiazine by Cloud Point Extraction/Flow Injection‐Flame Atomic Absorption (CPE/FI‐FAAS) Spectrometry

Abstract

An indirect simple and rapid cloud point extraction is proposed for separation and preconcentration of sulfadiazine and its determination by flow injection-flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FI-FAAS). The sulfadiazine from 35 mL of solution was readily converted to silver sulfadiazine upon addition of silver nitrate (9.7 × 10 -5 mol/L). Then, Triton X-114 a non ionic surfactant was added and the solution was heated to 60°C. At this stage, two separate phases was formed and silver sulfadiazine enters the surfactant rich phase of non-ionic micelles of Triton X-114. The surfactant-rich phase (~50 µL) was then separated and diluted to 300 µL with acidic methanol. The concentration of silver in the surfactant-rich phase which is proportional to the concentration of sulfadiazine in sample solution was determined by FI-FAAS. The parameters affecting extraction and separation were optimized. Under the optimum conditions (i.e. pH 2-10, silver concentration (9.7 × 10 -5 mol/L), Triton X-114 (0.075% v/v) and temperature 60°C) a preconcentration factor of 117 and a relative standard deviation of 4.9% at 37 mg L -1 of sulfadiazine was obtained. The method was successfully applied to analysis of milk, urine and tablet samples and accuracy was determined by recovery experiments.

Spectrophtometric determination of Hydrochlorothiazaide by oxidative coupling with O-Phenylendiamine

“…A several of analytical methods for the determination of HCTZ has been reported in the literature. These included high performance liquid chromatography coupled with on-line atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC, APCI-MS) [5] cloud point extraction /flow injection-flame atomic absorption (CPE/FI-FAAS) spectrometry) [6], liquid chromatography [7], UVspectrophotometry [8], flow injection chemiluminescence [9], ion selective electrode [10], Many UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods for the determination of HCTZ have been developed. Most of them included an oxidative coupling reaction of HCTZ with different coupling reagents, such as these methods: E.. martin (11) and his group developed three methods for the simultaneous determination of amiloride (AMI) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT): zero-crossing, derivative quotient spectra with normalized divisor and multiple linear regression (MULTIC) methods.…”

Spectrophotometric Determination of sulphadiazine by oxidative coupling reaction with ortho-amino phenol as reagent

“…A number of analytical methods foor the determination of SDZ haas been reported iin the literature. These includes high perforrmance liquid chromotography coupled wiith on-line atmaspheric pressure chimical ionizasion mass spectrametry (HPLC,APCI-MS) [4], clloud poiint extraction /flaw injection-flame otomic absorption (CPE/FI-FAAS) spectrmetry) [5] , capillary zone electrophorsis [6], inductively coupled plasma-atamic emission spectroscoppy (ICP-AES) [7], liquid chromatography [8],…”

Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfadiazine via Diazotization and Coupling Reaction - Application to Pharmaceutical Preparations

“…Several analytical procedures for the determination of SDZ have been reported in the literature. Among them are reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with on-line atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC,APCI-MS) (Combs et al,1999), cloud point extraction /flow injection-flame atomic absorption (CPE/FI-FAAS) spectrometry (Dadfarnia et al, 2011), capillary zone electrophoresis (Berzas et al, 2001), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) (Qi-Oi et al, 2010), liquid chromatography (Valentina et al, 2009), UV-spectrophotometry (Kotha-cota et al, 2011), immunochromatographic assay (Wang et al, 2007), flow injection chemiluminescence (Liu et al, 2007) , ionselective electrode (Ayman et al, 2009). However, most of them suggest that the quantification of SDz in any matrix requires elaborate and sophisticated instruments which may or may not be available in every laboratory, others are time consuming or have high detection limit.…”