Indigoid pigments derived from a pathological urine

Rimington, C.

doi:10.1042/bj0400669

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Insbesondcre scheiden alle Formeln aus, die fur zwei 4-Spin-Systeme magnetische Aquivalenz erwarten lassen. Von den verbleibenden Moglichkeiten kommen nur solche in Betracht, die durch die Molekulgeometrie eine partielle Uberlappung der Molekiilteile wie in 2 a/2 b und damit die Tieffeldverschiebung wenigstens eines Aromat-Protons erwarten lassen; somit entfallen alle 1 a-Derivate.Da ,,Indigo X" um 31 nm langerwellig als Indirubin (2a) absorbiert, kommen fur seine Struktur nach HMO-Rechnungen2') und den aus Untersuchungen an substituierten Indigos abgeleitcten Regeln2') weiterhin nur Derivate in Frage, in denen die Position(en)[2][3][4] Elektronenacceptor besetzt sind oder in denen der indigoide Chromophor selbst verandert wurde.Unter den verbleibenden Moglichkeiten lieD sich die endgultige Struktur durch die vorgestellten Messungen nicht festlegen; jedoch erwies sich jetzt im direkten Vergleich 22), daD das von uns erstmals in Korperflussigkeiten gefundene indigoide Pigment ,,Indigo X" mit dem vor einiger Zeit ails Candida l i p o l y t i c~~~) isolierten und jetzt als C a~~d i d i n~~) (5) identifizierten Pigment identisch ist. Insbesondere lie13 sich so auch die isomere Struktur 6 sichcr ausschliel3en.…”

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Isolierung des indigoiden Pigmentes Candidin aus Urin und Hämofiltrat von Urämikern

Laatsch

Ludwig-Köhn

1986

Liebigs Ann. Chem.

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Blutplasma, Urin und Hamofiltrat nierenkranker Patienten ergaben nach enzymatischer Spaltung neben Indigo (la) und Indirubin (2a) in sehr geringer Menge rotviolettes Candidin (5). Das indigoide 5 konnte sich bei der Aufarbeitung aus Indikan (3a) und Tryptanthrin (7), einem moglicherweise uber den Darm resorbierten Metaboliten von Candida lipolytica, gebildet haben.After enzymic cleavage the blood plasma, urine, and haemofiltrate of uraemic patients yield, besides indigotin (la) and indirubin (2a), very small amounts of candidin (5). The indigoid 5 might have been formed from indican (3a) and tryptanthrin (7), a metabolite of Candida lipolytica possibly resorbed through the intestine.

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Isolierung des indigoiden Pigmentes Candidin aus Urin und Hämofiltrat von Urämikern

Laatsch

Ludwig-Köhn

1986

Liebigs Ann. Chem.

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“…In urines of high indican content, this residue contained pink and violet pigments which behaved on alumina chromatography in the same way as did indigo red and indigo blue (cf. Rimington, 1946). Presumably this explains, at least in part, the nitrogen found in this fraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A method for the determination of oestriol, oestrone and oestradiol-17β in human urine by partition chromatography and colorimetric estimation

Bauld

1956

Biochemical Journal

109

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Purrification of materials Reagents used are A.R., unless otherwise stated. Solvents are distilled in all-glass apparatus. Benzene. This reagent (Mallinckrodt, thiophen-free) is distilled from liquid paraffin (B.P., 50 ml./I.), and redistilled. Ethanol. 95% ethanol (unmatured spirits) is allowed to stand over m-phenylenediamine with occasional shaking for at least 1 week, then distilled twice. Ether. This is shaken with 0-8M-FeSO4 in 0-4N-H2SO4 (3 x 100 ml./l.), washed with water (2 x 50 ml./l.) and distilled. Ethylene dichloride (I.C.I., metal or stoneware containers, or Anachemia, Technical Grade). The solvent is poured through a column of silica gel (1 in. in diameter, 12 in. of length being used for each litre) at a rate of4-6 ml./min. and distilled within 24 hr. of use. Methanol. The solvent (Anachemia, acetone-free) is distilled from liquid paraffin (50 ml./l.). Celite 535 (Johns Manville and Co. Ltd.). This is heated at 4000 for 4 hr., stirred with an excess of conc. HCI (11N) and allowed to stand overnight. The solid is washed with water until the washings are free of C1 (AgNO3 test), Fel+ (SCNtest), and neutral. The material is then dried at 1100 for 48 hr., cooled in a vacuum desiccator and stored in containers with tightly fitting glass stoppers. Cleaning of glassware Glassware is rinsed after use with tap and distilled water. When visibly dirty it is allowed to stand in a chromic acidsulphuric acid mixture for 12-24 hr. It is then rinsed with water, soaked in ethanol to destroy traces of chromic acid, washed with a vigorous stream of water for 2-3 min. and finallv rinsed in distilled water. Preparation of reagents Concentrated carbonate solution, pH 10-5 (approx.), is prepared by diluting 130 ml. of 5N-NaOH to 1 1. with M-NaHCO3. Reagent for oestradiol-17fl. NaNO3 (10 mg.) and quinone (certified chemical, 20 mg.) in 1 1. of H2S04 (60%, v/v) are warmed (at approx. 500) until the solution turns light green and opalescent. Quinol (20 g. of B.D.H. Laboratory Reagent) is added, dissolved by further warming and shaking, and the solution (after cooling) is filtered through sintered glass (porosity no. 4, fine).

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“…The pull was measured electrically, using a new type of strain gauge developed by Saunders-Roe Ltd. 6 The pull exerted altered the electrical resistance of the gauges and this change was measured by a milliammeter mounted at the back of the sledge. This depended on the measurement of the force exerted by a team of dogs pulling a sledge.…”

Section: By R J F Taylormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This depended on the measurement of the force exerted by a team of dogs pulling a sledge. The pull was measured electrically, using a new type of strain gauge developed by Saunders-Roe Ltd. 6 The pull exerted altered the electrical resistance of the gauges and this change was measured by a milliammeter mounted at the back of the sledge. Extensive records were collected with this apparatus.…”

Section: By R J F Taylormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiology of Sledge Dogs

Taylor¹

1957

Polar Record

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Xn 1954 and 1955 the author was stationed at Hope Bay in Graham Land, as one of the twelve men at Base D of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. During this time an investigation was carried out into the physiology of sledge dogs. This investigation was divided into two main parts: the first was a study of the sledging diet, and the second of the factors affecting the work output of sledge dogs.As well as summarizing the results, this article attempts to make two particular points. The first is to demonstrate the unusual opportunity for detailed scientific work that now exists in the Falkland Islands Dependencies, and the second that such work need not be of a specialized and remote nature, but can be regarded as part of the general fabric and structure of pure science.On average there were seventy-five dogs at Hope Bay, most of which had originally been brought from Labrador in 1944 and 1945, but are now in their third Antarctic generation. 1 Other dogs came from Canada and Greenland in 1954, and these were smaller and faster than the " native " stock. 2

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Indigoid pigments derived from a pathological urine

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Isolierung des indigoiden Pigmentes Candidin aus Urin und Hämofiltrat von Urämikern

Isolierung des indigoiden Pigmentes Candidin aus Urin und Hämofiltrat von Urämikern

A method for the determination of oestriol, oestrone and oestradiol-17β in human urine by partition chromatography and colorimetric estimation

The Physiology of Sledge Dogs

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