Isolierung des indigoiden Pigmentes Candidin aus Urin und Hämofiltrat von Urämikern

Abstract

Blutplasma, Urin und Hamofiltrat nierenkranker Patienten ergaben nach enzymatischer Spaltung neben Indigo (la) und Indirubin (2a) in sehr geringer Menge rotviolettes Candidin (5). Das indigoide 5 konnte sich bei der Aufarbeitung aus Indikan (3a) und Tryptanthrin (7), einem moglicherweise uber den Darm resorbierten Metaboliten von Candida lipolytica, gebildet haben.After enzymic cleavage the blood plasma, urine, and haemofiltrate of uraemic patients yield, besides indigotin (la) and indirubin (2a), very small amounts of candidin (5). The indigoid 5 might have been formed from indican (3a) and tryptanthrin (7), a metabolite of Candida lipolytica possibly resorbed through the intestine.

Hydroxylation of Indole by Laboratory-evolved 2-Hydroxybiphenyl 3-Monooxygenase

“…Analysis by HPLC-MS with 70% (v/v) methanol as the mobile phase showed two prominent molecular ion (MH ϩ ) peaks at m/z 263 with retention times of 3.7 and 4.2 min. The UV-visible spectra and the fragmentation patterns were compared with literature data (28,30,31), which confirmed that these two compounds were indigo (3.7 min) and indirubin (4.2 min).…”

“…The red pigment was analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy, HPLC-MS, and TLC. It was authenticated as indirubin by comparison of the obtained results with literature data (28,30,31). Buffering the pH at a value of 7 or acidification with 0.1% (v/v) 10 M hydrochloric acid stabilized the formed indigo, whereas the addition of 0.1% (v/v) 10 M sodium hydroxide or heating accelerated the disappearance of the blue color.…”

Akashins A, B, and C: Novel Chlorinated Indigoglycosides fromStreptomyces sp. GW 48/1497

“…Since a dense aluminum oxide layer is formed, even at low surface oxidation, NiAl has high thermal stability and resistance to atmospheric oxygen. [4] Owing to its high resistance towards environmental influences NiAl can be used as a Ni replacement, for example in gas turbine blades and automobile construction. [5] The mechanical properties of NiAl are highly dependent upon the conditions of preparation and grain size.…”

“…The pigment can be obtained from various higher plants such as Baphicacanthus cusia (Acanthaceae), Calanthe veratrifolia (Orchidaceae), Isatis tinctoria (Brassicaceae), and Polygonum tinctorium (Polygonaceae), by a process that involves its formation from precursors such as indican and isatan. Indigo has also been isolated from fungi (Schizophyllum commune, [2] Agaricus campester [3] ) and has even been detected in the urine, blood plasma, and haemofiltrate of patients [4] suffering from metabolic disorders (Blue-Diaper syndrome). Whereas numerous derivatives of naturally occurring chromophores are also found in nature, only three derivatives of the blue indigo isomer (indigotin) occur: in addition to the well-known Tyrian purple (6,6'-dibromindigo, 1 a) [5] from the purple snail, only derivatives 2 a and 2 b from the marine invertebrate Ptychodera flava laysanica are known.…”

The chemistry of tryptanthrin and its derivatives

“…20,21 In humans, uremic patients appear to form candidine (6) in very small amounts since this compound has been isolated from blood plasma, urine and haemofiltrate of such individuals. 31 Bergman et al have reported that 6 is also a minor product that is formed together with tryptanthrin upon digestion of L-tryptophan by the yeast Candida lipolytica.…”