Indigenous and improved adaptation technologies in response to climate change adaptation and barriers among smallholder farmers in the East Wollega Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia

Impact of climate change on agriculture and adaptation strategies in Ethiopia: A meta-analysis

“…This is primarily due to the changing temperature and rainfall patterns, as highlighted in Table 6 . Numerous studies have confirmed that climate change's effects are already being observed in Ethiopian agriculture [ 2 , 28 , [33] , [34] , [35] ]. These effects manifest in various ways [ 26 ].…”

“… Using the integration of mixed cropping and land management practices together. [ 22 , 23 , 26 , 30 , 32 , 33 ]. Practicing both mixed farming and livelihood diversification together.…”

“…Comprehending and overcoming these limitations is imperative for the success and enduring effectiveness of the nation's climate change initiatives. Despite the profound impact of climate change, inadequate financial resources present a barrier to implementing and expanding adaptation measures [ 33 ]. There is a pressing need for increased funding to develop and execute comprehensive adaptation plans, invest in resilient infrastructure, and provide support to vulnerable communities in their climate change adaptation endeavors [ 54 , 55 ], thereby ensuring the long-term sustainability of these adaptation methods.…”

“…4 , individuals, communities, and institutions often require support in making well-informed decisions and taking appropriate actions due to a lack of awareness and understanding concerning climate change and available adaptation options [ 2 , 3 , 26 , 39 ]. Additional challenges arise from institutional and governance aspects of climate change adaptation and mitigation, where integrated planning and implementation may be hindered by fragmented institutional structures, insufficient coordination mechanisms, and overlapping mandates [ 22 , 24 , 28 , 33 ]. To enhance Ethiopia's climate change governance coherence and efficiency, strengthening institutional frameworks, promoting interagency coordination, and fostering multi-stakeholder engagement are essential [ 20 , 39 ].…”

Determinants of the Agroforestry Practices in Mana Districts, Oromyia Region, Ethiopia

“…But linear probability model is the simplest method, it is not logically attractive model & it has some econometric problems like non-normality of the disturbances (Ui), heteroscedastic variances of the disturbances, and non-ful llment to measure of goodness of t. Therefore, linear probability model is not appropriate to test the statistical signi cance of estimated coe cients (Forsdyke & Lees, 2023) logit model guarantee that the estimated probabilities but that never steps outside the 0-1 interval. Thus, a binary logistic model is used to identify the determinants of agroforestry practices and to assess determine the probability of agroforestry practice (Bekuma et al, 2023). Because logistic distribution has advantages over the others in the analysis of dummy and continuous variables.…”