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Due to little adoption of the agroforestry practices, land degradation has become a serious pressing problem in various parts of the world in general and in study area in particular. Therefore, these studies aim to assess the determents of the agroforestry practices in the study area. Therefore, based on multi-stage sampling techniques 184 randomly selected sample households’ heads was determined. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as T-test, chi-square tests, and binary logit model was used to compare the mean difference between adopters and non-adopters households. The finding the study shows Senegal (L. Britton), home garden, and boundary planting are the most common agroforestry practices in the study area. The mean annual income for adopter farm households' heads was 1148743.00 birr, and for non-adopters, was 138675.00 birr. This implies that agroforestry practices make a significant contribution to the adopter's income. However, lack of farmland (27.7%), pests (16.3%), and low market access (15.2%) are major constraints that determine the adoption of the agroforestry practices in the study area. The results of the binary logistic model specify that age, farm size, and distance negatively affect the adoption of agroforestry practices in the study area. While perception were positively and significantly influence adoption of agroforestry practices in the study area, Therefore, the governmental & non-governmental organizations should have to develop new land policies to remove barriers to land access, tree tenure & an array of exotic tree species should be required to resist pests and drought conditions in study area.

Six-rowed food type barley, HB 1307, was developed by Holetta Agricultural Research Center (HARC) from a cross between a landrace line and exotic germplasm (Awra gebs-1 x IBON93/91) and released in 2006 for mid and high altitude areas. The three consecutive years' (2002-2004) tests proved its superiority in grain yield performance, stability, and wide adaptation. It has good physical grain quality, resistance to leaf rust and scald, moderate resistance to net and spot blotch, lodging tolerance, and good biomass yield. The variety's agronomic and quality merits and better performance than the checks makes it dependable for similar agro-ecologies considered in the study.

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