Indications for Surgical Management of Genitourinary Tuberculosis

Abstract

The incidence of tuberculosis has risen in many parts of the world, and more attention is being focused on genitourinary tuberculosis (GT), the second most common extrathoracic form of tuberculosis. Although chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, ablative surgery as a first-line management may be unavoidable for sepsis or abscesses. In cases with hydronephrosis and progressive renal insufficiency caused by obstruction, renal drainage (by stenting or nephrostomy) must be performed immediately. In all other situations triple-drug chemotherapy should be undertaken for at least 6 months and stable conversion obtained before ablative or reconstructive surgery is planned. Nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy is indicated for nonfunctioning or poorly functioning kidneys, particularly if continuous flank pain or hypertension is present. Stenosis of the ureter usually can be managed by temporary stenting and adjuvant corticosteroid therapy. Today the indications for augmentation are rare, but bladder replacement may be combined with ureter replacement using segments of intestine.

Urogenital tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients

“…Such recrudescence was due to the emergence of drug-resistant bacilli, migratory processes, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic [1,2].…”

Renal Tuberculosis Presenting as Thigh Abscess

“…The indications for nephrectomy are extensive disease involving the whole kidney, together with hypertension and PUJ obstruction and coexisting renal carcinoma. Earlier nephrectomy was done for non-functioning kidney [7], now it is not mandated that non-functioning kidneys must be excised if the patients are otherwise asymptomatic [1,3]. Nephrectomy is commonly performed through an open approach, given the difficult dissection due to inflammation and scarring.…”

Epididymal tuberculosis: Case report

“…Rajpal et al however used intermittent thrice weekly therapy under direct supervision to successfully treat a patient with GUTB (7). Surgical intervention however becomes necessary in patients with scrotal abscesses and in patients who have extensive disease that is resistant to chemotherapy (19).…”