Indication for a volatile element 114

Eichler, Robert; Aksenov, N. V.; Albin, Yu. A.; Belozerov, A. V.; Bozhikov, G. A.; Chepigin, V. I.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Dressler, R.; Gäggeler, H. W.; Gorshkov, V. A.; Henderson, R. A.; al., et

doi:10.1524/ract.2010.1705

Cited by 134 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The longer-lived isotope 289 Fl could not be identified due to a high background from Rn isotopes and their decay products, disturbing an unambiguous identification of decay chains starting with 289 Fl. 27 Both, nuclear as well as chemical aspects of the experiment reported in ref. 27 have been criticized, see ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…27 Both, nuclear as well as chemical aspects of the experiment reported in ref. 27 have been criticized, see ref. 29.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Beyond Cn, only a single chemical experimental study, focused on Fl, is reported to date. 27 Three atoms from two Fl isotopes, 287,288 Fl, were found to pass Au surfaces kept at room temperature and progressively getting colder, until they adsorbed at temperatures of −88° C, −90° C and −4° C. A Monte-Carlo simulation of the observed adsorption behavior resulted in −H ads Au (Fl) = 54 11 34   kJ·mol -1 at the 95% confidence level (95% c.l.). The rather low most probable value of −H ads was interpreted by the authors as evidence for the formation of a weak physisorption bond between atomic Fl and a Au surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The rather low most probable value of −H ads was interpreted by the authors as evidence for the formation of a weak physisorption bond between atomic Fl and a Au surface. 27 However, the large uncertainty of the reported −H ads covers almost the entire range from a typical metallic (cf. −H ads Au (Hg) = 98±3 kJ·mol -1 , ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its decay products caused the main background in the  spectra in ref. 27. A first attempt using physical pre-separation was performed at the Dubna Gas-Filled Recoil Separator (DGFRS), but failed to observe Fl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) Is a Volatile Metal

et al. 2014

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Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) Is a Volatile MetalAccess to the published version may require subscription. Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) is a Volatile MetalAlexander Yakushev †, , Jacklyn M. ABSTRACT: The electron shell structure of superheavy elements, i.e., elements with atomic number Z ≥ 104, is influenced by strong relativistic effects caused by the high Z. Early atomic calculations on element 112 (copernicium, Cn) and element 114 (flerovium, Fl) having closed and quasiclosed electron shell configurations of 6d 10 7s 2 and 6d 10 7s 2 7p 1/2 , respectively, predicted them to be noble gas-like due to very strong relativistic effects on the 7s and 7p 1/2 valence orbitals. Recent fully relativistic calculations studying Cn and Fl in different environments suggest them to be less reactive compared to their lighter homologs in the groups, but still exhibiting a metallic character. Experimental gassolid chromatography studies on Cn have, indeed, revealed a metal-metal bond formation with Au. In contrast to this, for Fl, the formation of a weak bond upon physisorption on a Au surface was inferred from first experiments. Here, we report on a gas-solid chromatography study of the adsorption of Fl on a Au surface. Fl was produced in the nuclear fusion reaction 244 Pu( 48 Ca, 3-4n) 288,289 Fl and was isolated in-flight from the primary 48 Ca beam in a physical recoil separator. The adsorption behavior of Fl, its nuclear α-decay product Cn, their lighter homologs in groups 14 and 12, i.e., Pb and Hg, and the noble gas Rn were studied simultaneously by isothermal gas chromatography and thermochromatography. Two Fl atoms were detected. They adsorbed on a Au surface at room temperature in the first, isothermal part, but not as readily as Pb and Hg. The observed adsorption behavior of Fl points to a higher inertness compared to its nearest homolog in the group, Pb. However, the measured lower limit for the adsorption enthalpy of Fl on a Au surface points to the formation of a metal-metal bond of Fl with Au. Fl is the least reactive element in the group, but still a metal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…27 Both, nuclear as well as chemical aspects of the experiment reported in ref. 27 have been criticized, see ref. 29.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) Is a Volatile Metal

et al. 2014

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Actinides and Transactinides

Nagame

Sato

Kratz

2020

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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This article gives a brief summary of the recent progress in the synthesis of new elements as well as heavy nuclei far from the stability line and in the studies of exotic nuclear decay properties including nuclear fission of heavy nuclei and chemical characterization of heavy actinides and transactinides. Experimental techniques of single‐atom detection after in‐flight separation with electromagnetic separators have made a breakthrough in discovery of new heavy isotopes. Development of automated rapid chemical separation apparatuses performing one atom‐at‐a‐time chemistry has also considerably contributed to the progress of chemical studies of the transactinides. Some key experiments exploring new frontiers of the production and chemical characterization of heavy actinides and transactinides using state‐of‐the‐art techniques are demonstrated. A short historical perspective of actinide and transactinide elements and some prospects of extending nuclear and chemical studies of heavy elements in the future are briefly presented.

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Chemical Properties of the Transactinide Elements

Düllmann

2018

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Despite their short half‐lives and minute production rates, chemical properties of the transactinide elements 104–108 and 112–114 have been studied and compared to those of their lighter homologs. While the gross trends established within the groups by the lighter, well‐known members are mostly followed, detailed studies revealed significant deviations from simple extrapolations within the respective groups. In many cases, these can only be understood if the influence of the very high nuclear charge on the electrons in the atomic shell is fully taken into account. In the transactinides, electrons are accelerated to a substantial fraction of the speed of light. A correct theoretical treatment requires fully relativistic quantum chemical calculations. These elements are thus an ideal laboratory to test the influence of relativity on chemical properties, and experimental data help refining theoretical models. In this article, the methods used for the chemical study of transactinide elements are introduced, and the present status of knowledge about their chemical properties is summarized.

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Indication for a volatile element 114

Cited by 134 publications

References 38 publications

Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) Is a Volatile Metal

Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) Is a Volatile Metal

Actinides and Transactinides

Chemical Properties of the Transactinide Elements

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