Actinides and Transactinides

Nagame, Y.; Sato, Tetsuya K.; Kratz, Jens Volker

doi:10.1002/0471238961.0103200919050102.a01.pub3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Clarifying the basic chemical properties of these elements, such as oxidation states, ionic radii, redox potentials, chemical complex formation, and the electronic configurations of their atomic ground states, and accordingly assigning their positions in the PT is an essential subject. 9 – 18 ) Another challenging task is to elucidate the influence of relativistic effects on the electronic structure of these elements. However, chemical experiments with the heaviest elements have substantial constraints primarily due to the short half-lives of the produced and accessible nuclides and the considerably low production rates in the nuclear reactions of heavy-ion beams with heavy target materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the chemical characterization of the heaviest elements has been conducted using gas- and liquid-phase chromatographic techniques. 9 – 18 ) We have conducted three experimental approaches to study the chemical properties of the heavy actinides and light transactinides. First, the chemical complexation in liquid and gas phases of the light transactinide elements Rf and dubnium (Db) was investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical characterization of heavy actinides and light transactinides – Experimental achievements at JAEA

NAGAME,

SATO

2024

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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The chemical characterization of the heaviest elements at the farthest reach of the periodic table (PT) and the classification of these elements in the PT are undoubtedly crucial and challenging subjects in chemical and physical sciences. The elucidation of the influence of relativistic effects on their outermost electronic configuration is also a critical and fascinating aspect. However, the heaviest elements with atomic numbers Z ≳ 100 must be produced at accelerators using nuclear reactions of heavy ions and target materials. Therefore, production rates for these elements are low, and their half-lives are as short as a few seconds to a few minutes; they are usually available in a quantity of only a few atoms at a time. Here, we review some highlighted studies on heavy actinide and light transactinide chemical characterization performed at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency tandem accelerator facility. We discuss briefly the prospects for future studies of the heaviest elements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of heavy actinides and light transactinides – Experimental achievements at JAEA

NAGAME,

SATO

2024

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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Chemistry of the elements at the end of the actinide series using their low-energy ion-beams

Sato

Nagame

2022

Radiochimica Acta

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Studies of the chemical properties of the elements at the uppermost end of the Periodic Table are extremely challenging both experimentally and theoretically. One of the most important and interesting subjects is to clarify the basic chemical properties of these elements as well as to elucidate the influence of relativistic effects on their electronic configuration. Isotopes of these elements produced at accelerators, however, are short-lived, and the number of produced atoms is so small; any chemistry to be performed must be done on an atom-at-a-time basis that imposes stringent limits on experimental procedures. Here we describe our recent achievements in the effective production of low-energy ion-beams of the elements at the end of the actinide series, fermium (Fm, atomic number Z = 100), mendelevium (Md, Z = 101), nobelium (No, Z = 102), and lawrencium (Lr, Z = 103), using a surface ionization ion-source installed in the ISOL (Isotope Separator On-Line) at the Tandem accelerator facility of JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency). Then the successful measurements of the first ionization potentials (IP1) of these elements with the ISOL setup are reviewed. The measured IP1 values increased up to No via Fm and Md, while that of Lr was the lowest among the actinides. Based on the variation of the IP1 values of the heavy actinides with the atomic number in comparison with those of the heavy lanthanides, the results clearly demonstrated that the 5f orbitals are fully filled at No, and the actinide series ends with Lr. Furthermore, the IP1 value of Lr provoked controversy over its position in the Periodic Table, so a short introduction to this issue is presented. The feasibility of the extension of chemical studies to still heavier elements with their ion-beams generated by ISOL is briefly discussed.

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Actinides and Transactinides

Cited by 2 publications

References 142 publications

Chemical characterization of heavy actinides and light transactinides – Experimental achievements at JAEA

Chemical characterization of heavy actinides and light transactinides – Experimental achievements at JAEA

Chemistry of the elements at the end of the actinide series using their low-energy ion-beams

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