Indicadores da Qualidade do Substrato para Monitoramento de Áreas de Mineração Revegetadas

Abstract

RESUMOUm procedimento para monitoramento e obtenção de indicadores para avaliação da recuperação ambiental de áreas mineradas foi desenvolvido e testado. Quatro bacias de disposição de rejeitos de mineração de areia industrial revegetadas em épocas distintas constituíram uma cronossequência de 14 anos que possibilitou a observação das mudanças das características físicas e químicas do substrato e o estabelecimento de relações com parâmetros de crescimento da vegetação. Uma análise de covariâncias multivariada entre os indicadores identificou a densidade de solo, teores de matéria orgânica e fósforo e pH como os mais apropriados para avaliar a qualidade do substrato e para atuarem como indicadores de resultados de ações de recuperação das bacias estudadas. Esse procedimento mostrou-se um instrumento de fácil aplicação para o acompanhamento da evolução da recuperação ambiental e para a obtenção de parâmetros quantitativos que facilitem a avaliação dos resultados das ações de recuperação.Palavras-chave: bacias de rejeito, revegetação, monitoramento. Substratum Quality Indicators for Monitoring Revegetated Mining Areas ABSTRACTIndicators of substratum quality for monitoring the state of rehabilitation in mining areas were selected on the basis of a study conducted in an operating industrial sand mine. Four study plots were established in decommissioned tailing ponds restored with native plant species for the past 14 years, allowing for 10+ years of simulated monitoring. Substratum samples were collected to measure several physical and chemical properties, while plant development was assessed using conventional parameters. A multivariate covariance analysis led to the selection of soil density, contents of organic matter and phosphorous, as well as soil pH, as suitable variables with ample possibilities to be used as indicators for the conditions studied. Measuring these parameters is a practical, affordable, easy-to-use tool to monitor the evolution of environmental rehabilitation and obtain quantitative parameters that allow for an objective assessment of the results.

Multidimensional Analysis Associated With Growth Analysis in the Selection of Organic Substrates for the Production of Tomato Seedlings

“…The higher density of the substrate constituted of decomposed palm stem refers to the existence of smaller porous space related to the physical constitution. This situation is able to prevent the greater use of water and nutrients by the roots of the plants, besides making substrate oxygenation deficient (Almeida & Sánchez, 2015). The results of porosity associated to substrate density are able to affirm a greater amount of voids in the substrate, as well as verified in the compound by goat manure, which presented better growth response of the seedlings when exposed in the ideal substrate and sand ratio, as well as verified on substrate S4 (Tables 1 and 4).…”

“…The correlation between the substrates allowed to infer the compound that provides better nutritional conditions to the development of the seedlings, being the compound formed by goat manure able to provide better supply of N and K, favoring the greater availability of phosphorus to the seedlings (Table 1). The best distribution of these nutrients present in the substrates is fundamental for the development of vegetation in the seedling stage (Almeida & Sánchez, 2015).…”

The Dynamics of the Substrate Recovery of Waste Dumps in Calcary Mining Under Natural Regeneration

“…For Almeida and Sánchez (2015), the restoration of native plant communities is one of the most used ways to recover degraded areas by mining, which creates a new use of the soil with a view to environmental conservation. In fact, the presence of vegetation in the environment improves the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, while the soil itself concomitantly contributes to vegetation development, which strengthens the relationship between plant and soil.…”

“…However, according to Almeida and Sánchez (2015), monitoring such recovery by measuring substrate functional attributes may provide data that indicate trends of the recovery process, especially when these data are compared with ones of sites without mining interference or even of areas still having remnants of native vegetation, which are taken as reference sites.…”

Regeneração Natural de Espécies Vegetais em Jazidas Revegetadas

“…Nesse sentido, devido ao fato de o restabelecimento de espécies vegetais nativas em áreas mineradas ocorrer lentamente, é fundamental que seja avaliado até que ponto as metas e objetivos planejados foram alcançados e quando esses resultados poderão ser considerados satisfatórios (Almeida & Sánchez, 2015).…”