RESUMOA produção de painéis aglomerados no mundo é sustentada pelas espécies de Pinus spp. e Eucalyptus spp. Todavia, o uso de resíduos de epicarpo e endocarpo provenientes do processo de extração da amêndoa do coco babaçu pode ser uma alternativa de matéria prima à baixo custo. Nessa pesquisa, objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade técnica de utilização destes resíduos na produção de painéis aglomerados. Foram produzidos painéis 100% epicarpo (100EP), 100% endocarpo (100EN) e 50% epicarpo com 50% endocarpo (50EP) aglutinados com resina poliuretana bicomponente à base de óleo de mamona com um teor de 12% em relação ao peso seco das partículas. A avaliação dos painéis produzidos foi realizada com base nos procedimentos das Normas Técnicas NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2013) e ANSI A208.1 (ANSI, 2009) com caracterização física (densidade, inchamento em espessura e absorção de água em 2 e 24 h) e mecânica (adesão interna, módulo de elasticidade e módulo de ruptura na flexão estática). Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa indicam a inviabilidade técnica de utilização dos resíduos do coco babaçu na produção de painéis aglomerados, pois não atendem os valores mínimos de propriedades físicas exigidos pelos documentos normativos. No entanto, promovem excelente desempenho mecânico, especialmente o epicarpo do coco babaçu. Palavras-chave: insumos alternativos; painéis de madeira; propriedades físico-mecânicas Agglomerated panels made from babaçu coconut residues ABSTRACTThe particleboard manufacturing in the world is sustained by the species Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp. However, the use of waste epicarp and endocarp from the extraction process almond coconut babassu can be an alternative raw material at low cost. This research, objective was to assess the technical feasibility of using these residues in the production of particleboard. The panels were produced: 100% epicarp (100EP), 100% endocarp (100EN) and 50% epicarp 50% endocarp (50EP) bonded with polyurethane bi-component resin castor oil base with a 12% content on dry weight the particle. The evaluation of particleboard produced was based on the procedures of NBR Technical Standards 14810-2:2013 and ANSI A208.1:2009 with physical characteristics (density, thickness swelling and water absorption at 2 and 24 h) and mechanical (internal adhesion, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture in bending). The results obtained in this research indicate the technical impossibility of using residues of babassu coconut in the production of agglomerated panels, since they do not meet the minimum values of physical properties required by normative documents. However, they promote excellent mechanical performance, especially the babassu coconut epicarp.
Soil use and management systems aim to create conditions that are favorable to crop growth. The hypothesis is that areas subject to intensive use of agricultural machinery and animal trampling tend to have a soil structure that is altered by aggregate fragmentation, which causes soil compaction and consequently decreases the soil's physical and hydraulic properties. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the physical and hydraulic parameters of a dystrophic yellow latosol in an area of Cerrado in the municipality of Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil under different use and management systems. The following five use and management systems were studied with five replicates: native forest (control), slash-and-burn agriculture, grassland, no-till crop production and conventional tillage. Data analysis was performed using a completely randomized experimental design. The soil's density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, infiltration, water retention curve, penetration resistance and Soil quality assessment index (S index) were assessed for all management systems. The soil use and management systems were found to have a significant effect on the penetration resistance and the water infiltration rate. The native forest and slash-and-burn agriculture areas provided the highest soil water infiltration rates and the lowest soil penetration resistance. A multivariate analysis identified the variables associated with each soil use and management system. The slash-and-burn agriculture area had the highest S index, which means it provided soil of the best physical quality.
A teca (Tectona grandis L.f.) é uma árvore de origem asiática que vem sendo extensamente implantada no Brasil, porém, seu uso é restrito devido à dificuldade na produção de mudas, sendo a utilização de compostos orgânicos uma alternativa para sua produção. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o uso de esterco de caprino, caule decomposto de babaçu e bokashi como componentes de substratos na produção de mudas de teca. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com duração de 60 dias. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dez tratamentos, compostos por esterco caprino (EC1, EC2 e EC3), caule descomposto de babaçu (CB1, CB2 e CB3) e bokashi (BO1, BO2 e BO3), com proporções de 45, 30 e 15%, respectivamente, associados ao solo, contendo um tratamento controle com 100% solo (Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico), e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a altura da parte aérea, o diâmetro de colo, o número de folhas e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. Os dados foram analisados através do software InfoStat© e as médias comparadas pelo teste Duncan. O uso de bokashi e esterco de caprino como componentes de substratos na produção de mudas de teca possibilita desempenhos favoráveis. A utilização de no mínimo 15% de bokashi ou de esterco caprino permitiram a formação de mudas de melhor qualidade.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a crop whose cultivation is of great importance in economic and social aspects. However, the development of efficient and low-cost technologies is essential for the growth of agricultural activity in the region. Among the most studied technologies, the production of quality seedlings in organic substrates is highlighted. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the development of tomato seedlings produced with organic substrates, using the decomposed stem of babassu palm and goat manure, using the multidimensional technique with the help of canonical functions associated with growth analysis. The treatments consisted of 25%, 50% and 75% sand aggregates, 25% to 50% sand addition, 25% to 50% sand and commercial substrate, established in a completely randomized design with 28 treatments and four replications in a 7 × 4 factorial scheme, the first factor consisting of seven substrates and the second of four evaluation periods (7, 14, 21, 28 days after emergence). Were analyzed shoot length and main root length; dry mass of the aerial part and of the root system and leaf area. These variables were analyzed through multidimensional analysis with the help of canonical functions and growth analysis. In general, the substrates consisting of goat manure and sand were superior to the substrates consisting of the decomposed palm tree stem and the commercial substrate. The alternative substrate formed by the mixture of goat manure, in the proportion of 25% of sterilized sand + 75% goat manure, constitutes the best option for the production of tomato seedlings.
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