Independent Factors Associated with Recurrent Bleeding in Cirrhotic Patients with Esophageal Variceal Hemorrhage

Abstract

This study provides evidence that early recurrent hemorrhage after initial EV bleeding in cirrhotic patients is significantly associated with higher incidence of bacterial infection and more numbers of EV ligations due to extensive surface area of mucosal injury and post-banding ulcers. Prevention of rebleeding and infection plays a major role in reducing the rate of mortality in cirrhotic patients with EV bleeding.

A fourfold increase of oesophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with a history of oesophageal variceal bleeding

“…( [18][19][20] In both the present and previous studies, (18)(19)(20) the occurrence of OVB was found to be much higher among cirrhotic patients with a history of OVB. This finding highlights the importance of the prevention of first-time OVB.…”

Association between portal vein thrombosis and risk of bleeding in liver cirrhosis: A systematic review of the literature

“…The statistical significance was confirmed by a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 2.734, 95% confidence interval: 1.228-6.088, P = 0.014). Lee et al also showed a higher proportion of PVT in patients who developed variceal rebleeding within 6 weeks after the cessation of initial esophageal variceal bleeding than in those who did not (5/14, 36% versus 14/83, 17%) [18]. But the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.…”

“…Among them, 14 papers were eligible for this systematic review [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] (Fig. 1).…”

“…The prevalence of PVT in liver cirrhosis was 7-25%. Multivariate analyses were performed in 8 studies [11,13,14,17,18,23,24,28], and only univariate analyses were performed in 10 others. Of these studies without multivariate analyses, 5 had similar proportions of Please cite this article in press as: Qi Child-Pugh classes between patients with and without PVT [12,15,20,25,27], 1 had similar MELD scores between the two groups [26], 3 had significantly different proportions of Child-Pugh classes between the two groups [16,19,21], and 1 did not clearly report any relevant information [22].…”

An implantable wireless biosensor for the immediate detection of upper GI bleeding: a new fluorescein-based tool for diagnosis and surveillance (with video)

“…12 Several studies have shown that both variceal and nonvariceal rebleeding, and in particular in-hospital rebleeding, to be strong predictors of in-hospital mortality and overall mortality. [13][14][15] Current clinical options for the detection of rebleeding include vital signs monitoring, serial hematocrit/ hemoglobin checks, and observation of clinical status (eg, melena, hematemesis). 16 However, these methods can be imprecise and often require clinical interpretation.…”