Independent effects of sex and stress on fructose‐induced salt‐sensitive hypertension

Abstract

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Fructose‐induced salt‐sensitive blood pressure differentially affects sympathetically mediated aortic stiffness in male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats

“…The present study is consistent with female rats being protected from the hemodynamic impact of combined fructose and high salt. This contrasts with recent findings showing female Sprague‐Dawley rats from Charles River display increased systolic blood pressure by tail cuff plethysmography after consuming a diet with similar proportions of fructose and high salt for 1 week (Brostek et al, 2022 ). It has been shown that Sprague‐Dawley rats from Harlan (incorporated as Envigo in 2015) have a higher basal blood pressure profile than those from Charles River (Pollock & Rekito, 1998 ) and can display differing results to experimental stimuli (Heimlich & Pollock, 2014 ).…”

“…It has been shown that Sprague‐Dawley rats from Harlan (incorporated as Envigo in 2015) have a higher basal blood pressure profile than those from Charles River (Pollock & Rekito, 1998 ) and can display differing results to experimental stimuli (Heimlich & Pollock, 2014 ). In the present studies, blood pressure was assessed under mild isoflurane anesthesia which may have impacted blood pressure (DeLalio & Stocker, 2021 ), in contrast to plethysmography which was performed in awake animals (Brostek et al, 2022 ). Notably, plethysmography assesses only systolic blood pressure.…”

“…Although the hemodynamic parameters were obtained via direct recordings from a chronically implanted arterial catheter, the studies were perforce performed under isoflurane anesthesia in order to obtain ultrasound images that rendered themselves to rigorous evaluation of PWV and GLS. The duration and amount of fructose in the diet have varied considerably among earlier studies from 1 week (Brostek et al, 2022 ; Gordish et al, 2017 ; Zenner et al, 2018 ) to several months (Dhar et al, 2013 ; Katakam et al, 1998 ). We chose the 20% fructose to approach the amount ingested by the upper quintile of western populations (Bray et al, 2004 ) and an intermediate time period of 3 weeks when previous studies in males showed elevated blood pressure, PWV, and left ventricular diastolic but not systolic dysfunction as well as normoglycemia but insulin resistance (Komnenov et al, 2020 ).…”

Knocking Out Sodium Glucose–Linked Transporter 5 Prevents Fructose-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

“…These data are novel in that only one other publication has reported that FHS increases BP to the same extent in male and female wild-type rats. 29 Similarly, our finding that the BP response to FHS in SGLT4 −/− males and females was not different from the wild type also suggests a lack of sexual dimorphism. Finally, the results demonstrate that knocking out SGLT5 completely prevented FHS from increasing BP in males and females.…”

“…We have shown that FHS significantly increases BP in both males and females to a similar extent. 29 In contrast, females are much less susceptible to Ang II-induced hypertension than males. 30 However, the roles of SGLT4 and SGLT5 and the sensitivity of O 2 − to Ang II have not been studied in females.…”