“…The complete observations are independent and identically distributed observation samples of . Based on the research of Yin and Hilafu (2015) [ 23 ] and Yuan et al (2022) [ 24 ], define two indicant sets, i.e, sufficient active or active variables index set consists of variables that are relevant to Y , and contains all redundant predictors or noise predictors, where is a subset of , and denotes the orthogonal complement of . Sufficient variable screening means to find the smallest and unique active variable set such that , that is, given the set , Y is independent of .…”