Incremental transmission loss allocation under pool dispatch

Abstract

Incremental transmission loss analysis has been used for decades, but recent interest in its application to loss allocation calls for new in-depth results. This paper demonstrates that, for incremental methods to be applied correctly in loss allocation, it is first necessary to specify the load distribution and loss supply strategies. Incremental loss allocation among bus power injections is shown to be arbitrary and, therefore, open to challenge as discriminatory. Loss allocation is possible among incremental loads and/or generators, but the proportion of the total losses assigned to either one is arbitrary. Unique, nonarbitrary incremental loss allocations are however possible among the "equivalent" incremental bilateral exchanges between generators and loads. From these basic components it is possible then to calculate the allocation among generators or loads in any specified proportion. The main results, although developed initially for small increments, are extended to large variations. Finally, a general incremental loss allocation algorithm is developed and teste

A cooperative game theory analysis for transmission loss allocation

“…In the case of a bus with a net generation, the allocated losses are divided pro-rata between the generation and the demand of that bus. Table 9 shows the comparison of the Shapley Value procedure (SV) with four different loss allocation procedures: Zbus [3], incremental transmission losses (ITL) [13], proportional sharing (PS) [2] and pro-rata (PR) [20]. For this example, it can be observed that the results from the SV method are almost equal to the ones from the ITL procedure, since both of them involve successive increments in the value of losses.…”

“…Several methods have been proposed in the last few years, among them: methods based on network matrices [3], methods based on proportional sharing [1,2], methods based on incremental transmission losses [13], methods based on the pro-rata technique [20] and methods based on bilateral contracts [10,12]. A comparative revision of some of these methods is presented in Refs.…”

Analysis of Reactive Power Support of Generators Using Power Flow Tracing Methods

“…Just as there is no a unique method for allocating real power losses [20][21][22][23], there are also alternative methods for allocating reactive power losses. Two methods are proposed here, namely, the proportional allocation method and the quadratic allocation method.…”

Energy Loss Allocation in Smart Distribution Systems with Electric Vehicle Integration

“…Total real energy losses ∆W to be allocated among network users is evaluated by EV penetration level using Equation (9) and results are depicted in Figure 4. This figure also shows the resultant load and loss factor.…”

“…In general, the majority of the loss allocation procedures discussed in the literature are based upon positive-sequence power flow models with balanced power injections where all loads are modeled using standard constant real and reactive power (PQ) models [7][8][9]. In this case, load demands are not affected by voltage fluctuations (constant power load models).…”