“…The measurement items in the survey instrument were selected on the basis of their distinct ability to support the theoretical aims of this research relating to employers' willingness to hire an ex-offender job applicant (Snider & Reyson, 2014), ex-offenders' socio-demographic attributes ), employers' socio-demographic attributes and organisational-context characteristics (Lukies et al, 2011); belief in redeemability (Maruna & King, 2009); and signals of desistance (Fahey, et al, 2006). Survey participants were recruited via a three-step recruitment strategy comprising an introductory telephone call inviting participation, followed immediately by an email sent to those agreeing to participate, which provided a link to the ESHO survey, then a follow up reminder email two weeks after the initial contact (Dillman, Smyth & Christian, 2009;Sauermann & Roach, 2013). The rationale behind this recruitment procedure was to minimise low response rates and address limitations associated with web-based research methods, such as perceptions of email invitations being junk mail and the impersonal approach to research (Evans & Mathur, 2005;Scholl, Mulders & Drent, 2002 …”