Increasing the wear resistance of stainless steels

Abstract

The wear resistance of martensitic, austenitic and duplex stainless steels is increased by carbon and nitrogen in solid solution and in addition by carbides and nitrides, which are formed during conventional ingot metallurgy or by powder metallurgical processing. High temperature and low temperature nitriding provide a hard surface zone. Characteristic alloys and applications are discussed, which try to optimize the resistance to wear and corrosion.Keywords: wear, corrosion, stainless steel, martensite, austenite, duplex, interstitials, carbides, nitrides.Der Verschleißwiderstand von martensitischen, austenitischen und Duplexstählen wird durch Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff im Mischkristall aber darüber hinaus auch durch Karbide und Nitride angehoben, die während üblicher Blockmetallurgie oder bei der Pulvermetallurgie entstehen. Hoch-wie Tieftemperaturnitrieren führen zu einer harten Randschicht. Es werden ausgewählte Legierungen und Anwendungen besprochen, die versuchen den Widerstand gegen Verschleiß und Korrosion zu optimieren.

New Developments in Martensitic Stainless Steels Containing C + N

“…[1][2][3] Standard stainless martensitic steels contain between 13 and 18 mass% Cr and between 0.2 and 1.05 mass% C, for example, X20Cr13 and X105CrMo17 according to EN10088. [4] Up to 1 mass% Mo is added to raise the pitting corrosion resistance (X39CrMo17-1).…”

“…Stainless steels with a high hardness are often used as tools in the food industry, for several machine parts in contact with seawater, and in the production of polymers . Standard stainless martensitic steels contain between 13 and 18 mass% Cr and between 0.2 and 1.05 mass% C, for example, X20Cr13 and X105CrMo17 according to EN10088 .…”

Metallic materials for tribocorrosion systems

“…X30CrMoN15-1 (with 0.35% N) offers a maximum hardness of 58-60 HRC and better resistance than X20Cr13 to both uniform and pitting corrosion (Lichtenegger et al 1999;Berns et al 2000b;Berns 2007). The latter of course is due to the influence of Mo and N on PREN.…”

“…this was pursued in the development of the cast alloy GX150CrNiMoN35-15-3, which is used in pumps and mill plates, where particle erosion is a major problem (Berns 2007).…”

Effect of carbonitride precipitates on the abrasive wear behaviour of hardfacing alloy

“…The martensitic stainless steel is a popular hardfacing material in weld hardfacing techniques because of the good properties of wear and corrosion resistances [2][3][4]. To further develop wear resistance and welding performances of the martensitic stainless steel, carbon content of the steels is decreased through nitrogen replacing part of carbon, which can have a carbonitride hardening effect on the matrix [4][5][6]. Niobium and titanium have been used as the most effective carbonitride alloying elements, which can produce much hard precipitation of carbonitride.…”