Fetal anemia, mainly due to red cell alloimmunization, is still a signifi cant cause of fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. The focus of current clinical research has shifted from an invasive approach to non-invasive management and treatment of affected pregnancies, and the progress in this fi eld is associated with a major improvement in perinatal outcome. During the last 50 years, intrauterine red cells transfusion (IUT), fi rst via the intraperitoneal route and later directly to fetal circulation, is the standard practice in most centers, with survival rates that exceed 90 % , particularly if anemia is diagnosed early and treated in a timely manner. In addition, plasmapheresis and intravenous administration of highdose immunoglobulin have been implicated in the treatment of pregnancies complicated with early-onset severe red cell alloimmunization, alone or in combination with IUTs before the 20 th week of pregnancy, but there are still issues to be clarifi ed further. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current standard therapeutic management and alternative treatment modalities in pregnancies complicated by fetal anemia.