Increasing rates of diabetes amongst status Aboriginal youth in Alberta, Canada

Oster, Richard T.; Johnson, Jeffrey; Balko, Stephanie U.; Svenson, Larry

doi:10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18501

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A similar increasing trend in the incidence of type 2 diabetes among children from 2006 to 2011 was reported in Manitoba, where 87% of children with diabetes had First Nations heritage. 5 The prevalence (0.27/100) and incidence (59/100 000 per year) of all types of diabetes in Aboriginal youth in Alberta in 2007 22 are similar to what we report in Ontario. Native American children in the United States, 2 Aboriginal children in Canada 4 and First Nations children in Manitoba 5 have a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes than children in the general population.…”

Section: Open Researchsupporting

confidence: 79%

Prevalence, incidence and outcomes of diabetes in Ontario First Nations children: a longitudinal population-based cohort study

Shulman¹,

Slater

Khan

et al. 2020

cmajo

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he prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children is increasing worldwide. 1-3 In 2006-2008, the incidence of childhood-onset type 2 diabetes in Canada was estimated at 1.54 per 100 000 per year, with the highest incidence in Manitoba (12.45 per 100 000 per year); in Ontario, the incidence was 1.7 per 100 000 per year. 4 First Nations children in Canada have the highest incidence of type 2 diabetes, at 23.2 per 100 000 per year. 4 In Manitoba and northwestern Ontario, 87% of children with type 2 diabetes have First Nations heritage. 5 First Nations status and exposure to diabetes in utero are independently associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the first 30 years of life. 6,7 This is especially concerning because youth with type 2 diabetes experience complications sooner than youth with type 1 diabetes. 8,9 The prevalence, incidence and outcomes of diabetes among First Nations children in Ontario are not known. It is important for First Nations communities to have these data to inform population approaches to prevent and manage diabetes

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Section: Open Researchsupporting

confidence: 79%

Prevalence, incidence and outcomes of diabetes in Ontario First Nations children: a longitudinal population-based cohort study

Shulman¹,

Slater

Khan

et al. 2020

cmajo

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“…35 Annual incidence rates from 1994 to 2003 increased by 3.7% among white, 3.9% among black, and 9.6% among Hispanic children with insulin-treated, non–type 1 diabetes in Chicago 14 ; however, these case patients represent an unknown proportion of all case patients. Among aboriginal youth in Alberta, Canada, 12 a 14% average annual increase was reported in Chicago between 1995 and 2007 in youth younger than 20 years. Dabelea et al 7 showed an increase in prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indian youth aged 10 through 19 years in both sexes, with the highest prevalence in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most have involved American Indians and Native Canadians and showed high prevalence. 7,12,13 Similarly, type 2 diabetes incidence rates rose among non-Hispanic black (hereafter called black), Hispanic, and white children with insulin-treated, non–type 1 diabetes from 1994 to 2003. 14 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Children and Adolescents From 2001 to 2009

Dabelea

Mayer‐Davis

Saydah

et al. 2014

JAMA

1,257

1,000

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IMPORTANCE Despite concern about an “epidemic,” there are limited data on trends in prevalence of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes across US race and ethnic groups. OBJECTIVE To estimate changes in the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in US youth, by sex, age, and race/ethnicity between 2001 and 2009. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Case patients were ascertained in 4 geographic areas and 1 managed health care plan. The study population was determined by the 2001 and 2009 bridged-race intercensal population estimates for geographic sites and membership counts for the health plan. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence (per 1000) of physician-diagnosed type 1 diabetes in youth aged 0 through 19 years and type 2 diabetes in youth aged 10 through 19 years. RESULTS In 2001, 4958 of 3.3 million youth were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for a prevalence of 1.48 per 1000 (95% CI, 1.44–1.52). In 2009, 6666 of 3.4 million youth were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for a prevalence of 1.93 per 1000 (95% CI, 1.88–1.97). In 2009, the highest prevalence of type 1 diabetes was 2.55 per 1000 among white youth (95% CI, 2.48–2.62) and the lowest was 0.35 per 1000 in American Indian youth (95% CI, 0.26–0.47) and type 1 diabetes increased between 2001 and 2009 in all sex, age, and race/ethnic subgroups except for those with the lowest prevalence (age 0–4 years and American Indians). Adjusted for completeness of ascertainment, there was a 21.1% (95% CI, 15.6%–27.0%) increase in type 1 diabetes over 8 years. In 2001, 588 of 1.7 million youth were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for a prevalence of 0.34 per 1000 (95% CI, 0.31–0.37). In 2009, 819 of 1.8 million were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for a prevalence of 0.46 per 1000 (95% CI, 0.43–0.49). In 2009, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 1.20 per 1000 among American Indian youth (95% CI, 0.96–1.51); 1.06 per 1000 among black youth (95% CI, 0.93–1.22); 0.79 per 1000 among Hispanic youth (95% CI, 0.70–0.88); and 0.17 per 1000 among white youth (95% CI, 0.15–0.20). Significant increases occurred between 2001 and 2009 in both sexes, all age-groups, and in white, Hispanic, and black youth, with no significant changes for Asian Pacific Islanders and American Indians. Adjusted for completeness of ascertainment, there was a 30.5% (95% CI, 17.3%–45.1%) overall increase in type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Between 2001 and 2009 in 5 areas of the United States, the prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents increased. Further studies are required to determine the causes of these increases.

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“…looked at the incidence of diabetes in Aboriginal youth <20 years of age in Alberta and reported an increasing trend from 1997 to 2005. [10]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes mellitus and the Aboriginal diabetic initiative in Canada: An update review

Leung

2016

J Family Med Prim Care

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of major global health concern due to its increasing prevalence in both developing and developed counties, with a projection increase of 214% from the year 2000 to 2030. Among the Aboriginal population of Canada (which includes the First Nations, Inuit and Metis), diabetes mellitus contribute significantly to their higher morbidity and increased health disparity when compared to the non-Aboriginal Canadians. In view of this, the Federal Government of Canada had launched the Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative (ADI) in 1999 as part of the bigger Canadian Diabetes Strategy to provide a better framework for surveillance, public education and community-based management of diabetes. Originally, ADI was intended for a 5-year cycle, but it was renewed twice in 2005 and then 2010, with a total funding of C$523 million. Given its long history of operation and the massive amount of revenue being injected, it is worthwhile to review the background information and the relevant data that had fostered the ADI; and more importantly, to critically evaluate the benefits and impact of the ADI in terms of the actual health of the Aboriginals and their social inequalities.

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Increasing rates of diabetes amongst status Aboriginal youth in Alberta, Canada

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence, incidence and outcomes of diabetes in Ontario First Nations children: a longitudinal population-based cohort study

Prevalence, incidence and outcomes of diabetes in Ontario First Nations children: a longitudinal population-based cohort study

Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Children and Adolescents From 2001 to 2009

Diabetes mellitus and the Aboriginal diabetic initiative in Canada: An update review

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