Increasing prevalence of hypervirulent ST5 methicillin susceptible <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> subtype poses a serious clinical threat

Jin, Ying; Zhao, Lin; Zhao, Na; Lv, Huiying; Liu, Yao; He, Lei; Liu, Qian

doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1868950

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Enhanced virulence activity has recently been suggested as a contributor to the increasing prevalence of another CA-MRSA ST5 in China, including in MSSA [83]. Our findings lend further support to this hypothesis, with the carriage of chp as a potentially major contributor to the ongoing prevalence of ST59 strains in China, likely at the expense of ST239.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Virulence as a measurable trait ultimately requires evaluation using in vivo models though cytolytic activity, which can be readily measured using lysis of erythrocyte assays, offers a good proxy given hemolysins are wellestablished virulence factors [81]. Higher cytolytic activity as a virulence mechanism in our ST59 isolates is consistent with pronounced measurements of virulence in ST59 lineages [82] and the role of the innate immune evasion cluster in mouse infection models [83]. In our dataset, we identified, through a knock-out experiment, that the mechanism enhancing the virulence of ST59 in China can be well explained by the carriage of a single gene, encoding CHIPS (chp).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Drivers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineage replacement in China

et al. 2021

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Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen subdivided into lineages termed sequence types (STs). Since the 1950s, successive waves of STs have appeared and replaced previously dominant lineages. One such event has been occurring in China since 2013, with community-associated (CA-MRSA) strains including ST59 largely replacing the previously dominant healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA) ST239. We previously showed that ST59 isolates tend to have a competitive advantage in growth experiments against ST239. However, the underlying genomic and phenotypic drivers of this replacement event are unclear. Methods Here, we investigated the replacement of ST239 using whole-genome sequencing data from 204 ST239 and ST59 isolates collected in Chinese hospitals between 1994 and 2016. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of each ST and considered two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for ST59 replacing ST239: antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile and/or ability to colonise and persist in the environment through biofilm formation. We also investigated the differences in cytolytic activity, linked to higher virulence, between STs. We performed an association study using the presence and absence of accessory virulence genes. Results ST59 isolates carried fewer AMR genes than ST239 and showed no evidence of evolving towards higher AMR. Biofilm production was marginally higher in ST59 overall, though this effect was not consistent across sub-lineages so is unlikely to be a sole driver of replacement. Consistent with previous observations of higher virulence in CA-MRSA STs, we observed that ST59 isolates exhibit significantly higher cytolytic activity than ST239 isolates, despite carrying on average fewer putative virulence genes. Our association study identified the chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp) as a strong candidate for involvement in the increased virulence potential of ST59. We experimentally validated the role of chp in increasing the virulence potential of ST59 by creating Δchp knockout mutants, confirming that ST59 can carry chp without a measurable impact on fitness. Conclusions Our results suggest that the ongoing replacement of ST239 by ST59 in China is not associated to higher AMR carriage or biofilm production. However, the increase in ST59 prevalence is concerning since it is linked to a higher potential for virulence, aided by the carriage of the chp gene.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Drivers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineage replacement in China

et al. 2021

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“…A recent study by Jian et al ( 25 ) reconstructed the phylogeny of ST5 strains isolated from an affiliated tertiary hospital in China between 2008 and 2018. Those authors reported that ST5 MSSA isolates evolved independently in a manner distinct from ST5 MRSA isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic Analysis Provides Insights into the Evolution and Genetic Diversity of Community-Genotype Sequence Type 72 Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

et al. 2021

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Understanding the evolution and dissemination of community-genotype ST72 Staphylococcus aureus isolates is important, as isolates of this lineage have rapidly spread into hospital settings and caused serious health issues. In this study, we first carried out genome-wide analysis of 107 global ST72 isolates to characterize the evolution and genetic diversity of the ST72 lineage.

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“…Hemolysis assay. The hemolysis assay was conducted as follows [ 25 ]. The bacteria were cultured for 8 h in 3 ml TSB with shaking (200 rpm) using 15 ml tubes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence adaption to environment promotes the age-dependent nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus

Zhao

Cheng

Yang

et al. 2022

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Staphylococcus aureus is an important human commensal bacteria colonizing the human body, especially the nasal cavity. The nasal carriage can be a source of S. aureus bacteremia. However, the bacterial factors contributing to nasal colonization are not completely understood. By analysing S. aureus strains from the nasal cavity of the children, young adults, and seniors, we found that the low activity of the SaeRS two-component system (TCS) is an important determinant for S. aureus to colonize in seniors. The senior group isolates of S. aureus showed a rather distinct sequence type composition as compared with other age group isolates. The senior group isolates showed not only a lower gene carriage of enterotoxins a, c, and q but also lower hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. Of regulators affecting hemolysin production (i.e. agr , saeRS , rot , rsp , and sarS ), only the SaeRS TCS showed an age-dependent decrease of activity. The decreased virulence and better colonization ability of the senior group isolates of S. aureus were confirmed in the mouse model. The senior group isolates showed the lowest survival and the best adhesion and colonizing ability. Also, the senior nasal secretions supported S. aureus survival better than the child and young adult nasal secretions. These results indicated that the senior nasal cavity favours colonization of S. aureus with higher adhesion and lower virulence, to which the reduced SaeRS TCS activity contributes. Taken together, our results illustrate an example of bacterial adaptation to the changing host environment.

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Increasing prevalence of hypervirulent ST5 methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus subtype poses a serious clinical threat

Cited by 32 publications

References 57 publications

Drivers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineage replacement in China

Drivers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineage replacement in China

Comparative Genomic Analysis Provides Insights into the Evolution and Genetic Diversity of Community-Genotype Sequence Type 72 Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

Virulence adaption to environment promotes the age-dependent nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus

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