Increasing postural deformity trends and body mass index analysis in school-age children

Kapo, Safet; Rađo, Izet; Smajlović, Nusret; Kovač, Siniša; Talović, Munir; Doder, Ivor; Čović, Nedim

doi:10.1515/sjph-2018-0004

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The trend of increasing deformity of the shoulder belt has been noted, often inclining towards the formation of milder forms of kyphotic posture. Other forms of deformity brought to light in the survey results are the negative trend of increasing pelvic rotation as well as pelvis rotation which inclines towards the formation of lordotic posture for all three age groups [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Children’s Body Composition and Posture during Puberty Growth

Rusek¹,

Baran

Leszczak

et al. 2021

Children

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The main goal of our study was to determine how the age of children, puberty and anthropometric parameters affect the formation of body composition and faulty body posture development in children. The secondary goal was to determine in which body segments abnormalities most often occur and how gender differentiates the occurrence of adverse changes in children’s body posture and body composition during puberty. The study group consisted of 464 schoolchildren aged from 6–16. Body posture was assessed with the Zebris system. The composition of the body mass was tested with Tanita MC 780 MA body mass analyzer and the body height was measured using a portable stadiometer PORTSTAND 210. The participants were further divided due to the age of puberty. Tanner division was adopted. The cut-off age for girls is ≥10 years and for boys it is ≥12 years. The analyses applied descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation, stepwise regression analysis and the t-test. The accepted level of significance was p < 0.05. The pelvic obliquity was lower in older children (beta = −0.15). We also see that age played a significant role in the difference in the height of the right pelvis (beta = −0.28), and the difference in the height of the right shoulder (beta = 0.23). Regression analysis showed that the content of adipose tissue (FAT%) increased with body mass index (BMI) and decreased with increasing weight, age, and height. Moreover, the FAT% was lower in boys than in girls (beta negative equal to −0.39). It turned out that older children (puberty), had greater asymmetry in the right shoulder blade (p < 0.001) and right shoulder (p = 0.003). On the other hand, younger children (who were still before puberty) had greater anomalies in the left trunk inclination (p = 0.048) as well as in the pelvic obliquity (p = 0.008). Girls in puberty were characterized by greater asymmetry on the right side, including the shoulders (p = 0.001), the scapula (p = 0.001) and the pelvis (p < 0.001). In boys, the problem related only to the asymmetry of the shoulder blades (p < 0.001). Girls were characterized by a greater increase in adipose tissue and boys by muscle tissue. Significant differences also appeared in the body posture of the examined children. Greater asymmetry within scapulas and shoulders were seen in children during puberty. Therefore, a growing child should be closely monitored to protect them from the adverse consequences of poor posture or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Children’s Body Composition and Posture during Puberty Growth

Rusek¹,

Baran

Leszczak

et al. 2021

Children

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“…The effect of excessive body weight is appreciably instrumental in developing various ailments within the musculoskeletal system, alterations in gait, the foot structure itself, as well as the altered load on the plantar part of the foot [36][37][38][39] . As evidenced throughout our own study, there was a fundamental difference in the biomechanics of foot loading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body weight-dependent foot loads, assessed in terms of BMI and adiposity, in school-aged children: a cross sectional study

Szczepanowska-Wołowiec

Sztandera

Kotela

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Whereas inherently vulnerable structure of both a child's and an adolescent's foot, characteristic for its dynamic, developmental stage, is particularly exposed to numerous environmental factors, excessive body weight gain may potentially become a crucial causal factor, bringing on a cascade of adverse effects throughout the body, e.g. disorders of the skeletal-articular system, gait alterations, abnormally excessive loading of the plantar zones of the foot, and consequently serious postural defects, especially in later life. Since obesity, aptly dubbed the scourge of the 21st c., directly impacts the way the foot biomechanics are developed, whereupon the actual paradigm of foot loading becomes subject to numerous, adverse modifications, the present study focused on gaining an in-depth insight into prevalent association of BMi, adipose tissue content in body composition, and the actual distribution of foot loads in the school-aged children. Since body weight, the simplest anthropometric indicator, is actually non-indicative of the proportion of adipose tissue within body composition, a number of modern, non-invasive diagnostic methods were applied by the investigators to have this deficit effectively addressed, inclusive of comprehensively mapping out the actual load distribution in the plantar zones of the foot. The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledges obesity to be the most common metabolic disease, aptly dubbing it a global scourge of the 21st c. This metabolic phenomenon has also affected children and teenagers. The number of overweight and obese cases in the youngsters aged 5-19 years increased from 4% in 1975 to over 18% in 2016. Obesity is a natural consequence of an imbalance between energy supply and its expenditure. Excessive dietary intake, usually combined with low physical activity, appreciably contribute to an increased weight gain through boosting the proportion of adipose tissue within the body composition 1-3. Excessive body weight appreciably contributes to abnormal motor development, agility, and overall coordination of movements, as well as adversely affects the development of the skeletal-articular system, which may consequently result in postural defects. Last but not least, excessive body weight may also be a crucial causal factor in various abnormalities encountered in the feet, i.e. abnormal foot loads 4-6. There are many studies corroborating detrimental effect of increased body weight on foot loads and attendant deformities 4-6. Numerous reports imply that overweight and obesity may well be instrumental in developing flat-footedness 7,8 , even though there are also studies which call this particular assertion into question 9. Cousins et al. 10 , while examining overweight and obese children observed that these children put more load on the metatarsal, in particular onto 2-5 metatarsal bones, than their peers with normal body weight. On the other hand, Buldt et al. 11 having conducted studies of adults with normal, flat, and cavus foot (i.e. a foot of high medial longitudinal arc...

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“…The time when a child attends school may produce beneficial effects as it is likely to foster development of habits related to physical activity and sport, which are of extreme importance for ensuring the child’s normal physical development 31 32. It is important to enable early diagnosis, since body posture in adults to a large degree is a result of the early stages of development 33 34. It should be emphasised that early and non-invasive body posture studies among school-age children, with the use of the external diagnostic systems, are crucially important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of body mass category in the development of faulty postures in school-age children from a rural area in south-eastern Poland: a cross-sectional study

Rusek¹,

Leszczak

Baran

et al. 2019

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of abnormalities in selected parameters measured in the trunk area.DesignCross-sectional studies.SettingThe research was conducted in a primary school in the Trzebownisko Municipality, a rural area in south-eastern Poland.ParticipantsA group of 464 children, ranging in age from 6 to 16 years (234 boys and 230 girls), was recruited to participate in the study.Outcome measuresThe examination of their body postures was conducted with the use of the Zebris system. Body mass was determined using a body mass analyser Tanita MC-780 MA. BMI was calculated based on the acquired data.ResultsIt was noticed that the children with overweight and obesity tended to have an incorrect position of the shoulders and pelvis in comparison to children with normal body weight. It was found that greater body mass (higher BMI) coincided with a larger distance of the scapulae from the frontal plane (p=0.009).ConclusionsIncrease in children’s BMI produces adverse effects in the position of the shoulder blades, reflected by their greater distance from the frontal plane. Increase in BMI is not significantly related to the position of the shoulder joints or pelvis; however, the subjects with overweight or obesity presented a greater difference in the position of the shoulder joints and pelvis.

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Increasing postural deformity trends and body mass index analysis in school-age children

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Changes in Children’s Body Composition and Posture during Puberty Growth

Changes in Children’s Body Composition and Posture during Puberty Growth

Body weight-dependent foot loads, assessed in terms of BMI and adiposity, in school-aged children: a cross sectional study

Role of body mass category in the development of faulty postures in school-age children from a rural area in south-eastern Poland: a cross-sectional study

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