Increasing Metabolic Diversity in Marine Sponges Extracts by Controlling Extraction Parameters

Bayona, Lina M.; Videnova, Melina; Choi, Young Hae

doi:10.3390/md16100393

“…through the mevalonic pathway [116][117][118][119]. Two more diastereomeric acetates of pelseneeriol-1 and -2 ( Figure 4) were further In sea hares, the Sri Lankan species Aplysia oculifera, possesses compounds obtained from the red algae Laurencia, such as srilankenyne (14) (Figure 3), while the digestive gland of Indic and West Pacific specimens presents brominated acetylenes instead [92,93]. Aplysia argus from Bahamas presents, among other compounds, the sesquiterpene ethers dactyloxene-B (15) ( Figure 3) and dihydroxydeodactol monoacetate in whole body extracts [94][95][96][97][98][99].…”

Section: Monocyclic Sesquiterpenoidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Terpenoids in Marine Heterobranch Molluscs

Ávila

¹

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heterobranch molluscs are rich in natural products. As other marine organisms, these gastropods are still quite unexplored, but they provide a stunning arsenal of compounds with interesting activities. Among their natural products, terpenoids are particularly abundant and diverse, including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, and steroids. This review evaluates the different kinds of terpenoids found in heterobranchs and reports on their bioactivity. It includes more than 330 metabolites isolated from ca. 70 species of heterobranchs. The monoterpenoids reported may be linear or monocyclic, while sesquiterpenoids may include linear, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic molecules. Diterpenoids in heterobranchs may include linear, monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic compounds. Sesterterpenoids, instead, are linear, bicyclic, or tetracyclic. Triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, and steroids are not as abundant as the previously mentioned types. Within heterobranch molluscs, no terpenoids have been described in this period in tylodinoideans, cephalaspideans, or pteropods, and most terpenoids have been found in nudibranchs, anaspideans, and sacoglossans, with very few compounds in pleurobranchoideans and pulmonates. Monoterpenoids are present mostly in anaspidea, and less abundant in sacoglossa. Nudibranchs are especially rich in sesquiterpenes, which are also present in anaspidea, and in less numbers in sacoglossa and pulmonata. Diterpenoids are also very abundant in nudibranchs, present also in anaspidea, and scarce in pleurobranchoidea, sacoglossa, and pulmonata. Sesterterpenoids are only found in nudibranchia, while triterpenoids, carotenoids, and steroids are only reported for nudibranchia, pleurobranchoidea, and anaspidea. Many of these compounds are obtained from their diet, while others are biotransformed, or de novo biosynthesized by the molluscs. Overall, a huge variety of structures is found, indicating that chemodiversity correlates to the amazing biodiversity of this fascinating group of molluscs.

show abstract

“…1 showed bioactivity against most test pathogens compared to one DCM : ME crude extracts, which showed activity against C. albicans . Bayona et al [ 30 ] reported that the extraction of bioactive metabolites from marine sponges depends on several factors such as pH, pressure, polarity index, and extraction technique(s) used. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that DCM : ME is a weak extraction solvent for marine bioactive metabolites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…samples and the presence of alkaloids and saponins in their ethanolic crude extracts. Several reasons could have led to different phytochemicals being extracted, such as the type of solvent used for extraction, extraction method, and the sponge species' environmental conditions under evaluation [ 30 ]. Therefore, ethanol as an extraction solvent results in the successful extraction of alkaloids and saponins in Clathria sp., while ethyl acetate results in flavonoids' isolation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Screening of Clathria sp. 1 and Tedania (Tedania) stylonychaeta Sponge Crude Extracts Obtained from the South East Coast of South Africa

Kibungu

¹

,

Clarke

²

,

Fri

³

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scientists have continuously searched for novel bioactive compounds to overcome the inherent problems associated with drug resistance, the evolution of unknown diseases, and the toxicity of currently used compounds. The ocean has been considered a rich source of compounds that possess unique chemical structures and novel biological capabilities. Biologically active molecules isolated from marine flora and fauna have shown significant advancement over the past century in the pharmaceutical industry. Marine natural products (MNPs) have been used as nanomedicine, cosmetics, wound healing, antimicrobial agents, anticancer agents, and anti-inflammatory agents. The physicochemical parameters of the collection site were also recorded. This study’s marine sponge species were collected from Phillip’s Reef, South Africa, at 12 m during the spring season. Ethyl acetate (EA) and dichloromethane : methanol (DCM : ME, 1 : 1) were used as extraction solvents. Crude extracts of the marine sponges were tested against MRSA, P. aeruginosa, C. difficile, A. fumigatus, and C. albicans. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify seven critical phytochemical groups. A pH reading of 8.01 and a temperature of 15.45°C were recorded at the sampling site. Clathria sp. 1 and Tedania (Tedania) stylonychaeta EA crude extracts showed bioactivity against all five test pathogens. The DCM : ME crude extract of Clathria sp. 1 was the only bioactive crude extract from DCM : ME extracts. This crude extract was only bioactive against C. albicans as no activity was observed against the other four pathogens. EA crude extracts of Clathria sp. 1 yielded more significant inhibition zones against both fungal pathogens. These EA crude extracts performed better than fluconazole as inhibition zones of 35 ± 0 mm at 24 mg/ml, 31 ± 0 mm at 19 mg/ml, 31 ± 0 mm at 14.4 mg/ml, 30 ± 0 mm at 9.6 mg/ml, and 25 ± 0 mm at 7.2 mg/ml were recorded. Clathria sp. 1 crude extracts exhibited higher inhibition zones compared to Tedania (Tedania) stylonychaeta. The antibiotic imipenem ( 26 ± 0.7 mm at 10 μg) and ciprofloxacin ( 30 ± 0.3 mm at 5 μg) exhibited higher zones of inhibition than EA crude extracts of Tedania (Tedania) stylonychaeta at all test concentrations. In this study, Clathria sp. 1 was observed to have broad-spectrum bioactivity as EA crude extracts were bioactive against MRSA, P. aeruginosa, C. difficile, A. fumigatus, and C. albicans. In addition to this, the EA crude extract of Clathria sp. 1 was bacteriostatic (9.6 mg/ml). Clathria sp. 1 DCM : ME crude extract only tested positive for the presence of terpenoids. In contrast, EA crude extracts did not test positive for the existence of any of the seven phytochemicals. Our study has revealed that Tedania (Tedania) stylonychaeta and Clathria sp. 1 sponge species collected from Phillip’s Reef in South Africa can produce bioactive compounds useful against bacterial and fungal species.

show abstract

“…A study was conducted on the marine sponge Xestospongia sp. (Laubenfels, 1932) by Bayona et al (2018) looking at the correlation between the parameter pressure, temperature and solvent polarity and the diversity in the extracted compounds [53]. It was found that the solvent polarity and temperature applied during the extraction process are the most important factors influencing the metabolic diversity in the extract.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various methods can be applied to obtain the crude extract [ 52 ]. The crude extract is known to be composed of a complex mixture of various metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides and quinones [ 53 , 54 ]. The extraction process can be divided into two categories, which are the traditional extraction method and newly emerging technologies based on the energy or mechanism [ 52 ].…”

Section: Chemistry Of Compounds From Marine Spongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sponges: Fundamentals and Applications

Varijakzhan

¹

,

Loh

²

,

Yap

³

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marine sponges are sessile invertebrates that can be found in temperate, polar and tropical regions. They are known to be major contributors of bioactive compounds, which are discovered in and extracted from the marine environment. The compounds extracted from these sponges are known to exhibit various bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antitumor and general cytotoxicity. For example, various compounds isolated from Theonella swinhoei have showcased various bioactivities, such as those that are antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal. In this review, we discuss bioactive compounds that have been identified from marine sponges that showcase the ability to act as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-malarial and antifungal agents against human pathogens and fish pathogens in the aquaculture industry. Moreover, the application of such compounds as antimicrobial agents in other veterinary commodities, such as poultry, cattle farming and domesticated cats, is discussed, along with a brief discussion regarding the mode of action of these compounds on the targeted sites in various pathogens. The bioactivity of the compounds discussed in this review is focused mainly on compounds that have been identified between 2000 and 2020 and includes the novel compounds discovered from 2018 to 2021.

show abstract

Increasing Metabolic Diversity in Marine Sponges Extracts by Controlling Extraction Parameters

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Terpenoids in Marine Heterobranch Molluscs

Terpenoids in Marine Heterobranch Molluscs

Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Screening of Clathria sp. 1 and Tedania (Tedania) stylonychaeta Sponge Crude Extracts Obtained from the South East Coast of South Africa

Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sponges: Fundamentals and Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About