Increasing feed intake in domestic goats (Capra hircus): Measured effects on chewing intensity are probably driven by escape of few, large particles from the forestomach

Findeisen, Eva; Südekum, Karl‐Heinz; Hummel, Jürgen; Clauss, Marcus

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110972

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…It could be speculated that this could be an effect of different diets used across experiments. However, a parallel experiment to the present one, in which domestic goats ( Capra hircus ) were fed a similar 50:50 mixture of grass hay and a concentrate feed at maintenance and lactation intake, also documented that a similar increase in faecal particle size with intake was evident as in other ruminant studies (Findeisen et al, 2021). The difference between ruminants and nonruminants might stem from the fact that in ruminants, ingestive mastication is less systematic and consistent, and hence possibly less ‘fixed', than in nonruminants (Dittmann et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The response of herbivores that increase intake of a consistent diet can generally react along a continuum of two extremes (Hume, 2005): given spare gut capacity, they can increase their gut fill and retain their original digesta retention time, or their gut fill remains constant, and digesta retention time decreases markedly. Typically, herbivores will show both effects, at varying degrees depending on their digestive anatomy and physiology (Clauss et al, 2007; Findeisen et al, 2021; Munn et al, 2015). With both an increase in gut fill and a decrease in retention time, the rabbits of the present study were no exception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference between ruminants and nonruminants might stem from the fact that in ruminants, ingestive mastication is less systematic and consistent, and hence possibly less ‘fixed', than in nonruminants (Dittmann et al, 2017). The effect of intake on faecal particle size then stems from the fact that at high fill of the reticulorumen, larger particles may escape retention and re‐mastication (Hummel et al, 2018), rather than a reduction in rumination chewing efficiency itself (Findeisen et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing food intake affects digesta retention, digestibility and gut fill but not chewing efficiency in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Findeisen

Südekum

Fritz³

et al. 2021

J Exp Zool Pt A

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In ruminants, the level of food intake affects net chewing efficiency and hence faecal particle size. For nonruminants, corresponding data are lacking. Here, we report the effect of an increased food intake of a mixed diet in four domestic rabbit does due to lactation, and assess changes in particle size (as determined by wet sieving analysis) along the rabbit digestive tract. During lactation, rabbits achieved a distinctively higher dry matter intake than at maintenance, with a concomitant reduction in mean retention times of solute and particle markers, an increase in dry matter gut fill, a reduction in apparent digestibility of dry matter, and an overall increase in digestible dry matter intake. By contrast, there was no change in faecal mean particle size (mean ± SD: 0.58 ± 0.02 vs. 0.56 ± 0.01 mm). A comparison of diet, stomach content and faecal mean particle size suggested that 98% of particle size reduction occurred due to ingestive mastication and 2% due to digestive processes.Very fine particles passing the finest sieve, putatively not only of dietary but mainly of microbial origin, were particularly concentrated in caecum contents, which corresponds to retention of microbes via a 'wash-back' colonic separation mechanism, to concentrate them in caecotrophs that are re-ingested. This study gives rise to the hypothesis that chewing efficiency on a consistent diet is not impaired by intake level in nonruminant mammals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing food intake affects digesta retention, digestibility and gut fill but not chewing efficiency in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Findeisen

Südekum

Fritz³

et al. 2021

J Exp Zool Pt A

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“…Intake level is considered the primary factor that affects MRT; a higher relative intake level is generally accompanied by a decrease of fluid and particle MRT (Lechner‐Doll et al, 1991; Mudgal et al, 1982; Shaver et al, 1986; Thornton & Minson, 1972). A higher intake level is also related to an increased gut fill, which partly, but not completely, mitigates the MRT‐decreasing effect of intake (Findeisen et al, 2021). The diet type and physical form also exert an influence on MRT (Shaver et al, 1988; Udén, 1988; Zebeli et al, 2007); however, in order to ensure a diet characteristic is really a factor of influence, an effect of diet on food intake level must be excluded (Levey & Martínez del Rio, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in digesta retention and their relation to chewing in cattle—A pilot investigation

Zhang

Terranova

et al. 2022

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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While information on individual differences in digesta mean retention time (MRT) might be interesting when selecting phenotypes for digestive efficiency, MRT measurements are prohibitively labour-intensive for large-scale application. Therefore, more easily measured proxies of MRT might be helpful. We used the opportunity of an experiment applying saliva stimulant in cattle to investigate the effect of different individual chewing behaviour on fluid and particle MRT with a consistent diet. Four non-lactating cattle (670-850 kg body mass [BM]) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, treated with the saliva stimulant pilocarpine in dosages of 0, 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg BM per day. The cattle were fed hay with dry matter intake (DMI) assigned according to their metabolic body weight.MRT in the whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the reticulorumen (RR) and the distal tract were measured using Co-EDTA, Cr-mordanted fibre and La-mordanted fibre as markers representing fluid, small particles (2 mm) and large particles (1 cm), respectively. The chewing behaviour was measured via noseband pressure sensor and expressed as chewing frequency (chews per time) and chewing intensity (chews per DMI), both for total chewing (ingestion plus rumination) and rumination chewing alone. The animals differed considerably in chewing behaviour and MRT measures. BM did not show a significant effect on chewing behaviour and MRT measures, though it tended to negatively correlated to total chewing intensity. Chewing intensity exerted a significant negative influence on MRT of fluid and particles in the RR, which was not the case for chewing frequency. Chewing frequency showed a significant relationship with MRT of large particles in the GIT.We suggest that chewing behaviour could influence MRT in two ways: (i) by affecting saliva production via the masticatory-salivary reflex and subsequently, the fluid inflow to the RR; (ii) by contributing to particle size reduction. Should the link between chewing behaviour and MRT be corroborated in larger studies, chewing measures, with their large interindividual variation, could emerge as an easy-to-measure proxy for MRT characteristics.

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“… 14 ( Oftedal, Hintz and Schryver, 1983 ). 15 ( Findeisen , 2021 ). 16 ( Berger, Mikolayunas and Thomas, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Selection in the Ectodysplasin Pathway among Endangered Aquatic Mammals

Font-Porterias

McNelis

Comas

et al. 2022

Integrative Organismal Biology

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The ectodysplasin pathway has been a target of evolution repeatedly. Genetic variation in the key genes of this pathway (EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD) results in a rich source of pleiotropic effects across ectodermally-derived structures, including teeth, hair, sweat glands, and mammary glands. In addition, a non-canonical wnt pathway has a very similar functional role, making variation in the WNT10A gene also of evolutionary significance. The adaptation of mammals to aquatic environments has occurred independently in at least four orders, whose species occupy a wide geographic range (from equatorial to polar regions) and exhibit great phenotypic variation in ectodermally-derived structures, including the presence or absence of fur and extreme lactational strategies. The role of the ectodysplasin pathway in the adaptation to aquatic environments has been never explored in mammalian species. In the present study, we analyze the genetic variation in orthologous coding sequences from EDA, EDAR, EDARADD and WNT10A genes together with ectodermally-derived phenotypic variation from 34 aquatic and non-aquatic mammalian species to assess signals of positive selection, gene-trait coevolution, and genetic convergence. Our study reveals strong evidence of positive selection in a proportion of coding sites in EDA and EDAR genes in three endangered aquatic mammals (the Hawaiian monk seal, the Yangtze finless porpoise, and the sea otter). We hypothesize functional implications potentially related to the adaptation to the low-latitude aquatic environment in the Hawaiian monk seal and the freshwater in the Yangtze finless porpoise. The signal in the sea otter is likely the result of an increased genetic drift after an intense bottleneck and reduction of genetic diversity. Besides positive selection, we have not detected robust signals of gene-trait coevolution or convergent amino acid shifts in the ectodysplasin pathway associated with shared phenotypic traits among aquatic mammals. This study provides new evidence of the evolutionary role of the ectodysplasin pathway and encourages further investigation, including functional studies, to fully resolve its relationship with mammalian aquatic adaptation.

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Increasing feed intake in domestic goats (Capra hircus): Measured effects on chewing intensity are probably driven by escape of few, large particles from the forestomach

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

Increasing food intake affects digesta retention, digestibility and gut fill but not chewing efficiency in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Increasing food intake affects digesta retention, digestibility and gut fill but not chewing efficiency in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Individual differences in digesta retention and their relation to chewing in cattle—A pilot investigation

Evidence of Selection in the Ectodysplasin Pathway among Endangered Aquatic Mammals

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