Increasing body condition score is positively associated interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in Labrador retrievers

Frank, Lauren R.; Mann, Sabine; Levine, Corri B.; Cummings, Bethany P.; Wakshlag, Joseph J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.07.010

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…23 Elevated plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, with increased triglyceride and cholesterol in all lipoprotein fractions, have been reported in chronically obese dogs. 79 Some studies have found increases in serum concentrations of inflammatory markers with canine obesity (eg, increased C-reactive protein and IL-6, but not TNF-a or IL-8 80 ), and some, but not all, studies have found decreases in such markers and other cytokines (cysteine-rich protein 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, haptoglobin, TNF-a) with weight loss. 15,36,54,81 As is the case for adipocytokines, differences among studies may be related to the assays used or characteristics of the patient population.…”

Section: Obesity and Lipid Disorders Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Effects of Obesity and Its Interaction with Endocrine Diseases

Clark

Hoenig

2016

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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Section: Obesity and Lipid Disorders Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Effects of Obesity and Its Interaction with Endocrine Diseases

Clark

Hoenig

2016

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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“…Recent studies performed in dogs suggest that many of the components of metabolic syndrome including pro‐inflammatory states, hypoadiponectinemia, hyperleptinemia, and insulin resistance also exist in obese dogs . Whereas left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), in the absence of systemic hypertension, has been documented in obese dogs, few studies have investigated cardiac function in obese dogs .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac and Metabolic Variables in Obese Dogs

Tropf

Nelson

Lee

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundThe etiology of obesity‐related cardiac dysfunction (ORCD) is linked to metabolic syndrome in people. Studies have indicated that obese dogs have components of metabolic syndrome, warranting evaluation for ORCD in obese dogs.ObjectivesTo evaluate cardiac structure and function and metabolic variables in obese dogs compared to ideal weight dogs.AnimalsForty‐six healthy, small‐breed (<25 pounds), obese dogs (n = 29) compared to ideal weight dogs (n = 17).MethodsA cross‐sectional study of cardiac structure and function by standard and strain echocardiographic measurements and quantification of serum metabolic variables (insulin:glucose ratios, lipid analysis, adiponectin, inflammatory markers).ResultsCompared to the ideal weight controls, obese dogs had cardiac changes characterized by an increased interventricular septal width in diastole to left ventricular internal dimension in diastole ratio, decreased ratios of peak early to peak late left ventricular inflow velocities, and ratios of peak early to peak late mitral annular tissue velocities, and increased fractional shortening and ejection fraction percentages. The left ventricular posterior wall width in diastole to left ventricular internal dimension in diastole ratios were not significantly different between groups. Systolic blood pressure was not significantly different between groups. Obese dogs had metabolic derangements characterized by increased insulin:glucose ratios, dyslipidemias with increased cholesterol, triglyceride, and high‐density lipoprotein concentrations, decreased adiponectin concentrations, and increased concentrations of interleukin 8 and keratinocyte‐derived chemokine‐like inflammatory cytokines.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCompared to ideal weight controls, obese dogs have alterations in cardiac structure and function as well as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypoadiponectinemia, and increased concentrations of inflammatory markers. These findings warrant additional studies to investigate inflammation, dyslipidemia, and possibly systemic hypertension as potential contributing factors for altered cardiac function.

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“…This is contrary to findings in humans, where increased MCP-1 concentrations occur with obesity and are associated with type 2 diabetes [125][126][127][128][129][130][131] , in dogs with obesity 132 , and in mice 133,134 , MCP-1 induces inflammation in adipose tissue. In cats, MCP-1 mRNA has been detected in subcutaneous and visceral fat but not in skeletal muscle 135 and in humans, MCP-1 protein expression was higher in omental fat than in subcutaneous fat in severely obese patients 136 .…”

Section: Mcp-1contrasting

confidence: 79%

“…One study reported that cats on a high carbohydrate (51% ME) low protein (21%) diet had higher postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations compared to a low carbohydrate (23%) high protein (47%) diet but the low carbohydrate diet had higher fat content which promoted greater weight gain when fed ad libitum 117 . A recent study of 63 diabetic cats found that low carbohydrate (12% ME) and low fibre (0.1 g/100g as fed) diet was more likely to lead to remission than a moderate carbohydrate (26% ME) and high fibre diet (3.1 g/100g as fed) 132 .…”

Section: Diet As a Risk Factor For Feline Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The aims should include to minimize stress on the beta-cells to produce insulin 134 , weight control 40 , and minimizing postprandial hyperglycaemia and fluctuations in blood glucose concentration 124,135 . Studies show that a diet high in protein (>40% ME) and very low in carbohydrate (<15% ME) is the most effective to achieve the aims related to glucose and insulin homeostasis 131,132,136 . A high protein diet also helps maintain muscle mass during weight loss and assists in preventing hepatic lipidosis, normalizing insulin function and increasing metabolism 120,134,137138 However, the high fat content of commercial high protein, low carbohydrate diets can promote weight gain because weight gain increases with increasing fat content 113 .…”

Section: Diet For Treatment Of Feline Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening for prediabetes in senior cats and metabolomic characteristics of obesity and Burmese cats

Reeve-Johnson¹

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Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes in humans and cats, and senior age and obesity are major risk factors. Diabetes is typically diagnosed in cats once clinical signs are evident. In humans, prediabetes is a metabolic state between normal glucose homeostasis and diabetes, and is diagnosed by demonstrating impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and/or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). However, prediabetes has not yet been defined in cats, and reference values for these variables have not been reported for senior cats.In this thesis, the first experiment investigated if the current practice of dosing glucose by bodyweight results in spurious effects on measures of glucose tolerance in obese cats.Glucose data from glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests were analysed before and after 16 cats were fed ad libitum for 9 -12 months to promote weight gain. Bodyweight and body condition score (BCS) were positively correlated with 2-min, 2-h glucose concentrations and glucose half-life following a glucose tolerance test (GTT) when glucose dosing was by bodyweight. To avoid obese cats being incorrectly classified as having impaired glucose tolerance when glucose was dosed on a bodyweight basis, equations were developed to adjust either glucose dose or 2-h glucose to compensate for obesity. This has important implications for clinical studies assessing the effects of interventions on glucose tolerance when lean and obese cats are compared.The second experiment established methodology and cutpoints for fasting and 2-h glucose during a GTT in healthy, client-owned senior cats (> 8yrs, n=78), by using ear/ paw samples and a portable glucose meter calibrated for feline blood. Fasting blood glucose was measured from ear/paw samples and glucose (0.5 g/kg bodyweight) administered IV, followed by blood glucose measurements at 2 min and 2 h. Cutpoints for fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations iii were established as the upper limits of 95% reference intervals using cats with BCS 4 or 5 on a 9-point scale and were 6.5 mmol/L for fasting glucose and 9.8 mmol/L for 2-h glucose.The third experiment established a methodology and reference interval for screening blood glucose in senior cats. Blood glucose was measured at the beginning of the consultation in clinically healthy cats (≥8 years, n=120) from an ear/ paw sample using a portable glucose meter, and again after physical examination from a jugular sample. The cutpoint for screening blood glucose was 10.5 mmol/L. Mean screening blood glucose was greater than mean fasting glucose. Based on these results, it is recommended that cats with screening blood glucose from 6.5 mmol/L to 10.5 mmol/L be retested several hours later, and cats with screening values >10.5 mmol/L or a second test > 6.5 mmol/L should have fasting and 2-h blood glucose measured after overnight hospitalization.Metabolomic markers of obesity and prediabetes have been investigated in humans, but there is limited data available in cats. Additionally, there is limited research on metabolomics in ...

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Increasing body condition score is positively associated interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in Labrador retrievers

Cited by 33 publications

References 50 publications

Metabolic Effects of Obesity and Its Interaction with Endocrine Diseases

Metabolic Effects of Obesity and Its Interaction with Endocrine Diseases

Cardiac and Metabolic Variables in Obese Dogs

Screening for prediabetes in senior cats and metabolomic characteristics of obesity and Burmese cats

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