Increases in plasma plant sterols stabilize within four weeks of plant sterol intake and are independent of cholesterol metabolism

Ras, Rouyanne T.; Koppenol, Wieneke P.; Garczarek, Ursula; Otten-Hofman, Anke; Fuchs, D.; Wagner, Frank; Trautwein, Elke A.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2015.11.007

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Chemical structure of stigmasterol is shown in Figure 1A. It has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and food industry due to its various important bioactivities 13,14. For example, literature have well demonstrated that stigmasterol can act as the precursors of corticoids-1, progesterone, androgens, estrogens and vitamin D 3 , and easily pass blood–brain barrier 15,16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Stigmasterol Exerts Neuro-Protective Effect Against Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury Through Reduction Of Oxidative Stress And Inactivation Of Autophagy</p>

Sun¹,

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

NDT

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PurposeStroke remains the primary cause of pain, suffering, and death in patients. One of the major thrusts in stroke therapy is to find an effective prevention strategy. Objectives of this study are to testify the neuro-protection effect of stigmasterol in ischemic/reperfusion injury model.MethodsThe dosage-dependent effects (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) of stigmasterol on physiological behaviors and oxidative stress biomarkers were investigated. Expression and phosphorylation of beclin1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mTOR, and N-terminal kinase (JNK) were detected.ResultsThe results showed that stigmasterol was able to effectively reduce neurological deficits and infarct damage induced by the ischemic/reperfusion injury, improve histopathology changes, and restore the levels of the endogenous antioxidant defense system in a dose–response mode. Stigmasterol effectively depressed the expression level of beclin1, and the conversion of LC3 I to LC3 II, while promoted the phosphorylation of mTOR, and remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK and JNK, as well as the expression of JNK induced by 24 hrs of reperfusion.ConclusionThese findings reveal that stigmasterol has neuro-protective effect against the ischemic/reperfusion injury, possibly associated with reduction of oxidative stress and inactivation of autophagy via AMPK/mTOR and JNK pathways.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Stigmasterol Exerts Neuro-Protective Effect Against Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury Through Reduction Of Oxidative Stress And Inactivation Of Autophagy</p>

Sun¹,

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

NDT

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“…This study was part of the INVEST study (INvestigating Vascular function Effects of plant STerols) which was primarily designed to investigate the effect of a low-fat spread with added PS on FMD, and also measured arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity and augmentation index), blood pressure, serum lipids and plasma PS concentrations ( 10 , 25 ) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a plant sterol-enriched spread on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in hypercholesterolaemic subjects

et al. 2016

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Plant sterols (PS) lower LDL-cholesterol, an established risk factor for CHD. Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation are two important features in the development of atherosclerosis. Whether PS affect biomarkers of endothelial function and low-grade inflammation is not well studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of regular intake of PS on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, which was primarily designed to investigate the effect of PS intake on vascular function (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01803178), 240 hypercholesterolaemic but otherwise healthy men and women consumed a low-fat spread with added PS (3 g/d) or a placebo spread for 12 weeks. Endothelial dysfunction biomarkers (both vascular and intracellular adhesion molecules 1 and soluble endothelial-selectin) and low-grade inflammation biomarkers (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) were measured using a multi-array detection system based on electrochemiluminescence technology. Biomarkers were combined using z-scores. Differences in changes from baseline between the PS and the placebo groups were assessed. The intake of PS did not significantly change the individual biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. The z-scores for endothelial dysfunction (−0·02; 95 % CI −0·15, 0·11) and low-grade inflammation (−0·04; 95 % CI −0·16, 0·07) were also not significantly changed after PS intake compared with placebo. In conclusion, biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation were not affected by regular intake of 3 g/d PS for 12 weeks in hypercholesterolaemic men and women.

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“…Ras and colleagues (2016) showed that consumption of a low-fat spread with added plants sterols (3 g/day) increases plasma concentrations of sitosterol and campesterol in the first four weeks, while no further increases were observed in the following eight weeks of consumption. However, concentrations at the end of the intervention did not exceed physiological values usually observed in the general population (2.8 to 27.9 µmol/L) [46]. Competition between plant sterols and free cholesterol during digestion causes a reduction in cholesterol solubilization and increases cholesterol excretion in feces.…”

Section: Plant Sterolsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: The Earlier the Better? A Review of Plant Sterol Metabolism and Implications of Childhood Supplementation

Scolaro

Andrade

Castro

2019

IJMS

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Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of major cardiovascular events. The development of atherosclerotic plaques begins early in life, indicating that dietary interventions in childhood might be more effective at preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than treating established CVD in adulthood. Although plant sterols are considered safe and consistently effective in lowering plasma cholesterol, the health effects of early-life supplementation are unclear. Studies suggest there is an age-dependent effect on plant sterol metabolism: at a younger age, plant sterol absorption might be increased, while esterification and elimination might be decreased. Worryingly, the introduction of low-cholesterol diets in childhood may unintentionally favor a higher intake of plant sterols. Although CVD prevention should start as early as possible, more studies are needed to better elucidate the long-term effects of plant sterol accumulation and its implication on child development.

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Increases in plasma plant sterols stabilize within four weeks of plant sterol intake and are independent of cholesterol metabolism

Abstract: Increases in plasma PS stabilize within 4 weeks of PS intake and do not seem impacted by basal cholesterol synthesis or absorption efficiency. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01803178).

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

<p>Stigmasterol Exerts Neuro-Protective Effect Against Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury Through Reduction Of Oxidative Stress And Inactivation Of Autophagy</p>

<p>Stigmasterol Exerts Neuro-Protective Effect Against Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury Through Reduction Of Oxidative Stress And Inactivation Of Autophagy</p>

Effect of a plant sterol-enriched spread on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in hypercholesterolaemic subjects

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: The Earlier the Better? A Review of Plant Sterol Metabolism and Implications of Childhood Supplementation

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